Combining Philosophers

Ideas for Hermarchus, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Emmanuel Levinas

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12 ideas

1. Philosophy / D. Nature of Philosophy / 1. Philosophy
What we cannot speak about we must pass over in silence [Wittgenstein]
     Full Idea: What we cannot speak about we must pass over in silence.
     From: Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus [1921], 7)
     A reaction: This is either a boring truism, or points towards some sort of verificationism (where we can speak meaninglessly). Compare Ideas 7973 and 6870.
A philosopher is outside any community of ideas [Wittgenstein]
     Full Idea: The philosopher is not a citizen of any community of ideas; that is what makes him a philosopher.
     From: Ludwig Wittgenstein (Zettel [1950], 455)
     A reaction: A bit surprising from the man who gave us 'language games' and 'private language argument'.
1. Philosophy / D. Nature of Philosophy / 3. Philosophy Defined
Philosophy is a battle against the bewitchment of our intelligence by means of language [Wittgenstein]
     Full Idea: Philosophical problems are solved, not by giving new information, but by arranging what we have already known. Philosophy is a battle against the bewitchment of our intelligence by means of language.
     From: Ludwig Wittgenstein (Philosophical Investigations [1952], §109), quoted by Jerrold J. Katz - Realistic Rationalism Int.xi
     A reaction: A philosophical dispute can be settled by a piece of information, which may be already known to you, but new to me. Philosophical discussion can also point to a scientific research programme - i.e. a need for new information. I like the first sentence.
The main problem of philosophy is what can and cannot be thought and expressed [Wittgenstein, by Grayling]
     Full Idea: The 'Tractatus' concerns the theory of what can be expressed by propositions (and, which comes to the same thing, can be thought), and what cannot be expressed by propositions, but can only be shown; which, I believe, is the main problem of philosophy.
     From: report of Ludwig Wittgenstein (Letters to Russell [1919]) by A.C. Grayling - Wittgenstein Ch.2
     A reaction: This contains what a I consider the heresy of making thought depend on language, but his main question remains, of the limits of thought. It is dramatised nicely in the 'mysterian' view of the mind-body problem (e.g. Idea 2540).
I say (contrary to Wittgenstein) that philosophy expresses what we thought we must be silent about [Ansell Pearson on Wittgenstein]
     Full Idea: I recognise the incredible force of Wittgenstein's closing statement in the 'Tractatus', but I hold the opposite view: philosophy exists to give expression to that which we think we can only remain silent about.
     From: comment on Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus [1921], 7) by Keith Ansell Pearson - Interview with Baggini and Stangroom p.267
     A reaction: A wonderful remark, with which I totally agree. Compare Idea 1596. I think it is just a fact that philosophers are able to articulate a huge number of ideas which other intelligent people find very interesting but on which they are unable to speak.
1. Philosophy / D. Nature of Philosophy / 5. Aims of Philosophy / d. Philosophy as puzzles
Philosophy tries to be rid of certain intellectual puzzles, irrelevant to daily life [Wittgenstein]
     Full Idea: Philosophy is the attempt to be rid of a particular kind of puzzlement. This 'philosophical' puzzlement is one of the intellect and not of instinct. Philosophical puzzles are irrelevant to our every-day life.
     From: Ludwig Wittgenstein (Lectures 1930-32 (student notes) [1931], A I.1)
     A reaction: All enquiry begins with puzzles, and they are cured by explanations, which result in understanding. In that sense he is right. I entirely disagree that the puzzles are irrelevant to daily life.
1. Philosophy / D. Nature of Philosophy / 6. Hopes for Philosophy
If a question can be framed at all, it is also possible to answer it [Wittgenstein]
     Full Idea: If a question can be framed at all, it is also possible to answer it.
     From: Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus [1921], 6.5)
     A reaction: Just the sort of unsubstantiated metaphysical claim that philosophers are always making.
1. Philosophy / D. Nature of Philosophy / 7. Despair over Philosophy
The 'Tractatus' is a masterpiece of anti-philosophy [Badiou on Wittgenstein]
     Full Idea: The 'Tractatus' is without doubt one of the masterpieces of anti-philosophy.
     From: comment on Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus [1921]) by Alain Badiou - Mathematics and Philosophy: grand and little p.16
     A reaction: French philosophers do love making wicked remarks like that. It seems that analysis is anti-philosophy, or 'little' philosophy in Badiou's parlance.
This work solves all the main problems, but that has little value [Wittgenstein]
     Full Idea: I believe myself to have found, on all essential points, the final solution of the problems. ….and this work shows how little is achieved when these problems are solved.
     From: Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus [1921], Pref)
     A reaction: This is LW's deep pessimism about the value of philosophy, right from the start. You can only idolise LW if you agree with him on this.
Once you understand my book you will see that it is nonsensical [Wittgenstein]
     Full Idea: Anyone who understands me eventually recognises my propositions as nonsensical, when he has used them - as steps - to climb up beyond them. (He must, so to speak, throw away the ladder after he has climbed up it.)
     From: Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus [1921], 6.54)
     A reaction: A much discussed passage. It can't possibly say that his book is pointless, because you can't attain this recognition without climbing his ladder. He speaks like an eastern guru. Perhaps Hume should have ended 'so commit my book to the flames'?
Philosophers express puzzlement, but don't clearly state the puzzle [Wittgenstein]
     Full Idea: Philosophers as 'Why?' and 'What?' without knowing clearly what their questions are. They are expressing a feeling of mental uneasiness.
     From: Ludwig Wittgenstein (Lectures 1930-32 (student notes) [1931], B I.1)
     A reaction: He suggests it is childish to express puzzlement, instead of asking for precise information. How odd. All enquiries start with vague puzzlement, which gradually comes into focus, or else is abandoned.
What is your aim in philosophy? - To show the fly the way out of the fly-bottle [Wittgenstein]
     Full Idea: What is your aim in philosophy? - To show the fly the way out of the fly-bottle.
     From: Ludwig Wittgenstein (Philosophical Investigations [1952], §309)
     A reaction: Ridiculous. Trying to think about thought is not a pointless buzzing - it is an attempt by humans to become like gods.