Combining Philosophers

Ideas for H.Putnam/P.Oppenheim, Roger Fry and Friedrich Nietzsche

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2 ideas

11. Knowledge Aims / C. Knowing Reality / 1. Perceptual Realism / b. Direct realism
It always remains possible that the world just is the way it appears [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: Against Kant we can still object, even if we accept all his propositions, that it is still possible that the world is as it appears to us.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Unpublished Notebooks 1872-74 [1873], 19 [125])
     A reaction: This little thought at least seems to be enough to block the slide from phenomenalism into total idealism. The idea that direct realism can never be ruled out, even if it is false, is very striking.
11. Knowledge Aims / C. Knowing Reality / 2. Phenomenalism
Appearance is the sole reality of things, to which all predicates refer [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: Appearance as I understand it is the actual and single reality of things - that which first merits all existing predicates.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Unpublished Notebooks 1885-86 [1886], 40[53])
     A reaction: This is the view espoused by John Stuart Mill (a fact which would shock Nietzsche!). Elsewhere he laughs at the concept of the thing-in-itself as a fiction.