Combining Philosophers

Ideas for H.Putnam/P.Oppenheim, Friedrich Nietzsche and Michael Smith

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8 ideas

12. Knowledge Sources / B. Perception / 1. Perception
We became increasingly conscious of our sense impressions in order to communicate them [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: The emergence of our sense impressions into our consciousness, the ability to fix them and, as it were, exhibit them externally, increased proportionally with the need to communicate them to others by means of signs.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (The Gay (Joyful) Science [1882], §354)
     A reaction: He says in the same section that such ideas (plus his thoughts on consciousness) are the essence of his 'Perspectivism'. In effect, knowledge is not an individual activity, but a team game
All sense perceptions are permeated with value judgements (useful or harmful) [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: It cannot be doubted that all sense perceptions are permeated with value judgements (useful and harmful - consequently, pleasant and unpleasant).
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (The Will to Power (notebooks) [1888], §505)
     A reaction: A thesis expanded by Charles Taylor ('Sources of the Self'). This is a very modern view, but also a very Greek view, which slices through the is/ought distinction.
12. Knowledge Sources / B. Perception / 5. Interpretation
Sense perceptions contain values (useful, so pleasant) [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: All sensory perceptions are entirely suffused with value judgements (useful or harmful - consequently pleasant or unpleasant).
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Writings from Late Notebooks [1887], 02[95])
     A reaction: This seems like a wonderful anticipation of modern neuroscience findings about emotion. It is a nice challenge to Hume's 'impressions' and Russell's 'logical atoms'. But knowledge is power, and we can strip off the values from the perceptions.
Pain shows the value of the damage, not what has been damaged [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: Intellectuality of pain: pain does not indicate what is momentarily damaged but what value the damage has with regard to the individual as a whole.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Writings from Late Notebooks [1887], 07[48])
     A reaction: An interesting claim, but rather hard to substantiate. Boiling water on the back of a hand might be very painful, but not of huge consequence in terms of damage. The palm of the hand is much more important to us than the back.
Perception is unconscious, and we are only conscious of processed perceptions [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: Sense-perception happens without our awareness: whatever we become conscious of is a perception that has already been processed.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Writings from Late Notebooks [1887], 34[30])
     A reaction: This seems to me wonderfully perceptive for its date, and a crucial truth, because we have the delusion that we are our consciousness, whereas that is only a tiny part of what we are.
We see an approximation of a tree, not the full detail [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: We do not see a tree exactly and entire with regard to its leaves, branches, colour and shape; it is so much easier for us to see an approximation of a tree.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Beyond Good and Evil [1886], §192)
12. Knowledge Sources / B. Perception / 6. Inference in Perception
An affirmative belief is present in every basic sense impression [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: Belief is already present in every sense impression going back to the very moment it begins: a kind of Yes-saying first intellectual activity!
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Unpublished Notebooks 1884-85 [1884], 25[168])
     A reaction: He seems right that there is an intrinsic commitment to believing sense impressions, even in animals. Presumably more of a default setting than an intellectual choice.
The evidence of the senses is falsified by reason [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: 'Reason' is the cause of our falsification of the evidence of the senses.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Twilight of the Idols [1889], 2.1)
     A reaction: One for McDowell.