Combining Philosophers

Ideas for Herodotus, Charles Sanders Peirce and Trenton Merricks

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10 ideas

12. Knowledge Sources / A. A Priori Knowledge / 3. Innate Knowledge / a. Innate knowledge
Innate truths are very uncertain and full of error, so they certainly have exceptions [Peirce]
     Full Idea: It seems to me there is the most historic proof that innate truths are particularly uncertain and mixed up with error, and therefore a fortiori not without exception.
     From: Charles Sanders Peirce (Scientific Attitude and Fallibilism [1899], II)
12. Knowledge Sources / D. Empiricism / 1. Empiricism
Experience is indeed our only source of knowledge, provided we include inner experience [Peirce]
     Full Idea: If Mill says that experience is the only source of any kind of knowledge, I grant it at once, provided only that by experience he means personal history, life. But if he wants me to admit that inner experience is nothing, he asks what cannot be granted.
     From: Charles Sanders Peirce (The Nature of Mathematics [1898])
     A reaction: Notice from Idea 14785 that Peirce has ideas in mind, and not just inner experiences like hunger. Empiricism certainly begins to look more plausible if we expand the notion of experience. It must include what we learned from prior experience.
12. Knowledge Sources / D. Empiricism / 2. Associationism
We talk of 'association by resemblance' but that is wrong: the association constitutes the resemblance [Peirce]
     Full Idea: Allying certain ideas like 'crimson' and 'scarlet' is called 'association by resemblance'. The name is not a good one, since it implies that resemblance causes association, while in point of fact it is the association which constitutes the resemblance.
     From: Charles Sanders Peirce (Reasoning and the Logic of Things [1898], VII)
     A reaction: I take it that Hume would have agreed with this. It is an answer to Russell's claim that 'resemblance' must itself be a universal.
Association of ideas is the best philosophical idea of the prescientific age [Peirce]
     Full Idea: The doctrine of the association of ideas is, to my thinking, the finest piece of philosophical work of the prescientific ages.
     From: Charles Sanders Peirce (Concerning the Author [1897], p.2)
12. Knowledge Sources / D. Empiricism / 3. Pragmatism
Instead of seeking Truth, we should seek belief that is beyond doubt [Peirce]
     Full Idea: Your problems would be greatly simplified, if, instead of saying that you want to know the Truth, you were simply to say that you want to attain a state of belief unassailable beyond doubt.
     From: Charles Sanders Peirce (Essentials of Pragmatism [1905], I)
     A reaction: This is not the same as saying that belief beyond doubt IS truth. He is merely offering a strategy for scientists to side-step the sort of scepticism raised by Descartes and radical empiricists.
Pragmatism is a way of establishing meanings, not a theory of metaphysics or a set of truths [Peirce]
     Full Idea: Pragmatism is no doctrine of metaphysics, no attempt to determine the truth of things. It is merely a method of ascertaining the meanings of hard words and of abstract concepts.
     From: Charles Sanders Peirce (Pragmatism in Retrospect [1906], p.271)
     A reaction: Suddenly I recognise a prominent strand of modern philosophy of language (especially in America) for what it is.
12. Knowledge Sources / D. Empiricism / 5. Empiricism Critique
The world is one of experience, but experiences are always located among our ideas [Peirce]
     Full Idea: The real world is the world of sensible experience, and it is part of the process of sensible experience to locate its facts in the world of ideas.
     From: Charles Sanders Peirce (The Nature of Mathematics [1898], III)
     A reaction: This is the neatest demolition of the sharp dividing line between empiricism and rationalism that I have ever encountered.
12. Knowledge Sources / E. Direct Knowledge / 3. Inspiration
A truth is hard for us to understand if it rests on nothing but inspiration [Peirce]
     Full Idea: A truth which rests on the authority of inspiration only is of a somewhat incomprehensible nature; and we can never be sure that we rightly comprehend it.
     From: Charles Sanders Peirce (Scientific Attitude and Fallibilism [1899], II)
If we decide an idea is inspired, we still can't be sure we have got the idea right [Peirce]
     Full Idea: Even if we decide that an idea really is inspired, we cannot be sure, or nearly sure, that the statement is true. We know one of the commandments of the Bible was printed without a 'not' in it.
     From: Charles Sanders Peirce (Scientific Attitude and Fallibilism [1899], II)
Only reason can establish whether some deliverance of revelation really is inspired [Peirce]
     Full Idea: We never can be absolutely certain that any given deliverance [of revelation] really is inspired; for that can only be established by reasoning.
     From: Charles Sanders Peirce (Scientific Attitude and Fallibilism [1899], II)