Combining Philosophers

Ideas for Mary Wollstonecraft, Jerrold J. Katz and Ernest Sosa

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5 ideas

12. Knowledge Sources / A. A Priori Knowledge / 5. A Priori Synthetic
We don't have a clear enough sense of meaning to pronounce some sentences meaningless or just analytic [Katz]
     Full Idea: Linguistic meaning is not rich enough to show either that all metaphysical sentences are meaningless or that all alleged synthetic a priori propositions are just analytic a priori propositions.
     From: Jerrold J. Katz (Realistic Rationalism [2000], Int.xx)
12. Knowledge Sources / C. Rationalism / 1. Rationalism
In reducing arithmetic to self-evident logic, logicism is in sympathy with rationalism [Sosa]
     Full Idea: In trying to reduce arithmetic to self-evident logical axioms, logicism is in sympathy with rationalism.
     From: Ernest Sosa (Beyond internal Foundations to external Virtues [2003], 6.7)
     A reaction: I have heard Frege called "the greatest of all rationalist philosophers". However, the apparent reduction of arithmetic to analytic truths played into the hands of logical positivists, who could then marginalise arithmetic.
12. Knowledge Sources / D. Empiricism / 5. Empiricism Critique
Experience cannot teach us why maths and logic are necessary [Katz]
     Full Idea: The Leibniz-Kant criticism of empiricism is that experience cannot teach us why mathematical and logical facts couldn't be otherwise than they are.
     From: Jerrold J. Katz (Realistic Rationalism [2000], Int.xxxi)
Most of our knowledge has insufficient sensory support [Sosa]
     Full Idea: Almost nothing that one knows of history or geography or science has adequate sensory support, present or even recalled.
     From: Ernest Sosa (Beyond internal Foundations to external Virtues [2003], 6.7)
     A reaction: This seems a bit glib, and may be false. The main issue to which this refers is, of course, induction, which (almost by definition) is a supposedly empirical process which goes beyond the empirical evidence.
12. Knowledge Sources / E. Direct Knowledge / 1. Common Sense
There are very few really obvious truths, and not much can be proved from them [Sosa]
     Full Idea: Radical foundationalism suffers from two weaknesses: there are not so many perfectly obvious truths as Descartes thought; and if we restrict ourselves to what it truly obvious, very little supposed common sense knowledge can be proved.
     From: Ernest Sosa (The Raft and the Pyramid [1980], §3)
     A reaction: It is striking how few examples can ever be found of self-evident a priori truths. However, if there are self-evident truths about direct experience (pace Descartes), that would give us more than enough.