Combining Philosophers

Ideas for Xenophon, Aenesidemus and Bertrand Russell

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44 ideas

12. Knowledge Sources / A. A Priori Knowledge / 2. Self-Evidence
7554 Self-evidence is often a mere will-o'-the-wisp [Russell]
5412 Some propositions are self-evident, but their implications may also be self-evident [Russell]
5413 Particular instances are more clearly self-evident than any general principles [Russell]
5415 As shown by memory, self-evidence comes in degrees [Russell]
5416 If self-evidence has degrees, we should accept the more self-evident as correct [Russell]
12. Knowledge Sources / A. A Priori Knowledge / 4. A Priori as Necessities
5397 The rationalists were right, because we know logical principles without experience [Russell]
12. Knowledge Sources / A. A Priori Knowledge / 9. A Priori from Concepts
4430 All a priori knowledge deals with the relations of universals [Russell]
5411 We can know some general propositions by universals, when no instance can be given [Russell]
12. Knowledge Sources / B. Perception / 3. Representation
6514 Russell's representationalism says primary qualities only show the structure of reality [Russell, by Robinson,H]
12. Knowledge Sources / B. Perception / 4. Sense Data / a. Sense-data theory
6415 After 1912, Russell said sense-data are last in analysis, not first in experience [Russell, by Grayling]
5358 'Sense-data' are what are immediately known in sensation, such as colours or roughnesses [Russell]
6417 In 1921 Russell abandoned sense-data, and the gap between sensation and object [Russell, by Grayling]
6474 Seeing is not in itself knowledge, but is separate from what is seen, such as a patch of colour [Russell]
12. Knowledge Sources / B. Perception / 4. Sense Data / b. Nature of sense-data
6483 Russell held that we are aware of states of our own brain [Russell, by Robinson,H]
8244 Sense-data are qualities devoid of subjectivity, which are the basis of science [Russell, by Deleuze/Guattari]
6462 Sense-data are not mental, but are part of the subject-matter of physics [Russell]
6463 Sense-data are objects, and do not contain the subject as part, the way beliefs do [Russell]
6464 Sense-data are usually objects within the body, but are not part of the subject [Russell]
7549 If my body literally lost its mind, the object seen when I see a flash would still exist [Russell]
6467 No sensibile is ever a datum to two people at once [Russell]
7553 Sense-data are purely physical [Russell]
12. Knowledge Sources / B. Perception / 4. Sense Data / c. Unperceived sense-data
6459 We do not know whether sense-data exist as objects when they are not data [Russell]
6460 'Sensibilia' are identical to sense-data, without actually being data for any mind [Russell]
6461 Ungiven sense-data can no more exist than unmarried husbands [Russell]
21583 When sense-data change, there must be indistinguishable sense-data in the process [Russell]
12. Knowledge Sources / B. Perception / 4. Sense Data / d. Sense-data problems
8854 My 'acquaintance' with sense-data is nothing like my knowing New York [Williams,M on Russell]
6458 Individuating sense-data is difficult, because they divide when closely attended to [Russell]
6469 Sense-data may be subjective, if closing our eyes can change them [Russell]
6476 We cannot assume that the subject actually exists, so we cannot distinguish sensations from sense-data [Russell]
12. Knowledge Sources / B. Perception / 5. Interpretation
6098 Perception goes straight to the fact, and not through the proposition [Russell]
12. Knowledge Sources / C. Rationalism / 1. Rationalism
21577 Empirical truths are particular, so general truths need an a priori input of generality [Russell]
12. Knowledge Sources / D. Empiricism / 1. Empiricism
7290 If Russell rejects innate ideas and direct a priori knowledge, he is left with a tabula rasa [Russell, by Thompson]
5357 It is natural to begin from experience, and presumably that is the basis of knowledge [Russell]
5382 We are acquainted with outer and inner sensation, memory, Self, and universals [Russell, by PG]
5389 Knowledge by descriptions enables us to transcend private experience [Russell]
16476 For simple words, a single experience can show that they are true [Russell]
12. Knowledge Sources / D. Empiricism / 3. Pragmatism
6441 Pragmatism judges by effects, but I judge truth by causes [Russell]
12. Knowledge Sources / D. Empiricism / 5. Empiricism Critique
16488 It is hard to explain how a sentence like 'it is not raining' can be found true by observation [Russell]
6431 Empiricists seem unclear what they mean by 'experience' [Russell]
21532 Full empiricism is not tenable, but empirical investigation is always essential [Russell]
5376 I can know the existence of something with which nobody is acquainted [Russell]
16485 Perception can't prove universal generalisations, so abandon them, or abandon empiricism? [Russell]
12. Knowledge Sources / E. Direct Knowledge / 4. Memory
5414 Images are not memory, because they are present, and memories are of the past [Russell]
2792 It is possible the world came into existence five minutes ago, complete with false memories [Russell]