Combining Philosophers

Ideas for Anaxarchus, John Searle and Alexander Bird

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2 ideas

13. Knowledge Criteria / A. Justification Problems / 1. Justification / a. Justification issues

3831	Reasons can either be facts in the world, or intentional states [Searle]
	Full Idea: Both reasons and the things they are reasons for can be either facts in the world or intentional states such as beliefs, desires, and intentions.
	From: John Searle (Rationality in Action [2001], Ch.4.I)
	A reaction: One might point out that beliefs, desires and intentions are facts in the world too. Implicit dualism. One can ask, what turns a fact into a reason?

13. Knowledge Criteria / A. Justification Problems / 1. Justification / b. Need for justification

6800	Many philosophers rate justification as a more important concept than knowledge [Bird]
	Full Idea: Many philosophers take the notion of justification to be more important or more basic than the concept of knowledge.
	From: Alexander Bird (Philosophy of Science [1998], Ch.7)
	A reaction: Intriguing. Given the obvious social and conventional element in 'knowledge' ("do we agree that the candidate really knows the answer?"), justification may well be closer to where the real action is. 'Logos', after all, is at the heart of philosophy.