Combining Philosophers

Ideas for Aristotle, Xenophanes and Pyrrho

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23 ideas

13. Knowledge Criteria / A. Justification Problems / 1. Justification / a. Justification issues
6595 If we need a criterion of truth, we need to know whether it is the correct criterion [Pyrrho, by Fogelin]
13. Knowledge Criteria / A. Justification Problems / 1. Justification / b. Need for justification
8331 To know something we need understanding, which is grasp of the primary cause [Aristotle]
13. Knowledge Criteria / A. Justification Problems / 2. Justification Challenges / a. Agrippa's trilemma
1671 Sceptics say justification is an infinite regress, or it stops at the unknowable [Aristotle]
13. Knowledge Criteria / B. Internal Justification / 4. Foundationalism / b. Basic beliefs
1670 When you understand basics, you can't be persuaded to change your mind [Aristotle]
13. Knowledge Criteria / B. Internal Justification / 4. Foundationalism / e. Pro-foundations
583 The starting point of a proof is not a proof [Aristotle]
13. Knowledge Criteria / D. Scepticism / 1. Scepticism
411 If we succeed in speaking the truth, we cannot know we have done it [Xenophanes]
6593 The Pyrrhonians attacked the dogmas of professors, not ordinary people [Pyrrho, by Fogelin]
13. Knowledge Criteria / D. Scepticism / 5. Dream Scepticism
581 Dreams aren't a serious problem. No one starts walking round Athens next morning, having dreamt that they were there! [Aristotle]
13. Knowledge Criteria / D. Scepticism / 6. Scepticism Critique
6592 Academics said that Pyrrhonians were guilty of 'negative dogmatism' [Pyrrho, by Fogelin]
13. Knowledge Criteria / E. Relativism / 1. Relativism
1801 Animals vary in their feelings and judgements (Mode 1) [Pyrrho, by Diog. Laertius]
412 If God had not created honey, men would say figs are sweeter [Xenophanes]
1803 Objects vary according to which sense perceives them (Mode 3) [Pyrrho, by Diog. Laertius]
1809 Perception is affected by expectations (Mode 9) [Pyrrho, by Diog. Laertius]
1802 Individuals vary in responses and feelings (Mode 2) [Pyrrho, by Diog. Laertius]
1807 Perception varies with viewing distance and angle (Mode 7) [Pyrrho, by Diog. Laertius]
1810 Perception and judgement depend on comparison (Mode 10) [Pyrrho, by Diog. Laertius]
1805 Judgements vary according to local culture and law (Mode 5) [Pyrrho, by Diog. Laertius]
1808 Perception of things depends on their size or quantity (Mode 8) [Pyrrho, by Diog. Laertius]
1804 Perception varies with madness or disease (Mode 4) [Pyrrho, by Diog. Laertius]
1806 Perception of objects depends on surrounding conditions (Mode 6) [Pyrrho, by Diog. Laertius]
13. Knowledge Criteria / E. Relativism / 3. Subjectivism
584 If truth is relative it is relational, and concerns appearances relative to a situation [Aristotle]
585 If relativism is individual, how can something look sweet and not taste it, or look different to our two eyes? [Aristotle]
13. Knowledge Criteria / E. Relativism / 6. Relativism Critique
576 If the majority had diseased taste, and only a few were healthy, relativists would have to prefer the former [Aristotle]