Combining Philosophers
Ideas for Hermarchus, Heraclitus and Bertrand Russell
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12 ideas
13. Knowledge Criteria / A. Justification Problems / 2. Justification Challenges / b. Gettier problem
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A true belief is not knowledge if it is reached by bad reasoning [Russell]
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True belief is not knowledge when it is deduced from false belief [Russell]
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True belief about the time is not knowledge if I luckily observe a stopped clock at the right moment [Russell]
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13. Knowledge Criteria / B. Internal Justification / 4. Foundationalism / c. Empirical foundations
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All knowledge (of things and of truths) rests on the foundations of acquaintance [Russell]
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13. Knowledge Criteria / B. Internal Justification / 5. Coherentism / a. Coherence as justification
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Believing a whole science is more than believing each of its propositions [Russell]
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13. Knowledge Criteria / B. Internal Justification / 5. Coherentism / b. Pro-coherentism
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Objects are treated as real when they connect with other experiences in a normal way [Russell]
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13. Knowledge Criteria / C. External Justification / 3. Reliabilism / b. Anti-reliabilism
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Knowledge needs more than a sensitive response; the response must also be appropriate [Russell]
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13. Knowledge Criteria / D. Scepticism / 5. Dream Scepticism
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Dreams can be explained fairly scientifically if we assume a physical world [Russell]
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13. Knowledge Criteria / D. Scepticism / 6. Scepticism Critique
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Global scepticism is irrefutable, but can't replace our other beliefs, and just makes us hesitate [Russell]
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13. Knowledge Criteria / E. Relativism / 1. Relativism
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Donkeys prefer chaff to gold [Heraclitus]
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Sea water is life-giving for fish, but not for people [Heraclitus]
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13. Knowledge Criteria / E. Relativism / 3. Subjectivism
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Health, feeding and rest are only made good by disease, hunger and weariness [Heraclitus]
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