Combining Philosophers
Ideas for Proclus, Georg W.F.Hegel and Paul O'Grady
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9 ideas
13. Knowledge Criteria / A. Justification Problems / 1. Justification / a. Justification issues
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Modern epistemology centres on debates about foundations, and about external justification [O'Grady]
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13. Knowledge Criteria / A. Justification Problems / 3. Internal or External / a. Pro-internalism
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Consciousness derives its criterion of knowledge from direct knowledge of its own being [Hegel]
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Internalists say the reasons for belief must be available to the subject, and externalists deny this [O'Grady]
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13. Knowledge Criteria / B. Internal Justification / 5. Coherentism / a. Coherence as justification
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Hegel's 'absolute idea' is the interdependence of all truths to justify any of them [Hegel, by Bowie]
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Coherence involves support from explanation and evidence, and also probability and confirmation [O'Grady]
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13. Knowledge Criteria / D. Scepticism / 2. Types of Scepticism
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Humean scepticism, unlike ancient Greek scepticism, accepts the truth of experience as basic [Hegel]
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13. Knowledge Criteria / D. Scepticism / 6. Scepticism Critique
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It is a rejection of intellectual dignity to say that we cannot know the truth [Hegel]
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13. Knowledge Criteria / E. Relativism / 1. Relativism
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Ontological relativists are anti-realists, who deny that our theories carve nature at the joints [O'Grady]
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13. Knowledge Criteria / E. Relativism / 2. Knowledge as Convention
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Contextualism says that knowledge is relative to its context; 'empty' depends on your interests [O'Grady]
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