Combining Philosophers

Ideas for Lynch,MP/Glasgow,JM, Philip Kitcher and Friedrich Nietzsche

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8 ideas

18. Thought / A. Modes of Thought / 1. Thought
Thoughts are signs (just as words are) [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: Thoughts are merely signs, as words are signs for thoughts.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Unpublished Notebooks 1881-82 [1882], 5[1]272)
     A reaction: The obvious question he invites is 'signs of what?'. His point must be that most thinking is both non-verbal and non-conscious, which he took to be true even of intellectual thought. I sympathise with his view.
Thoughts cannot be fully reproduced in words [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: Even one's thoughts one cannot reproduce entirely in words.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (The Gay (Joyful) Science [1882], §244)
     A reaction: I suppose this is the germ of Derrida, who seems to see little connection between thought and speech. I take this idea to be entirely correct. Our simplistic view of language reduces the fluidity and many dimensions of thought to a pile of lego bricks.
People who think in words are orators rather than thinkers, and think about facts instead of thinking facts [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: Whoever thinks in words thinks as an orator and not as a thinker (it shows that he does not think facts, but only in relation to facts).
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (On the Genealogy of Morals [1887], III.§08)
     A reaction: Good. It is certainly not true that we have to think in words, or else animals wouldn't think. Good thinking should focus on reality, and be too fast for words to keep up.
18. Thought / A. Modes of Thought / 3. Emotions / b. Types of emotion
Passions are ranked, as if they are non-rational and animal pleasure seeking [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: The whole conception of an order of rank among the passions: as if it were the right and normal thing to be guided by reason - with the passions as abnormal, dangerous, semi-animal …and nothing other than desires for pleasure.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (The Will to Power (notebooks) [1888], §387)
     A reaction: This thought of Nietzsche's seems to be very important, because the Enlightenment relegation of passions was inherited from Christianity, and dominated European culture (and Buddhism too, I think).
18. Thought / A. Modes of Thought / 3. Emotions / f. Emotion and reason
We fail to see that reason is a network of passions, and every passion contains some reason [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: The misunderstanding of passion and reason, as if the latter were an independent entity and not rather a system of relations between various passions and desires; and as if every passion did not possess its quantum of reason.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (The Will to Power (notebooks) [1888], §387)
     A reaction: This seems to me a much more accurate account of the relation of reason and passion than almost anything in earlier philosophy (though Aristotle is quite good on it). I am retraining myself to see my mental life in this way.
18. Thought / A. Modes of Thought / 5. Rationality / a. Rationality
Rationality is a scheme we cannot cast away [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: Thinking rationally is interpreting according to a scheme we cannot cast away.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Writings from Late Notebooks [1887], 05[22])
     A reaction: We can turn the tables on this one: how could Nietzsche know that this is the case if he cannot criticise his own rationality? The brain is a truth machine, and truth is (mostly) vital for survival.
Most of our intellectual activity is unconscious [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: Only now is the truth dawning on us that the biggest part by far of our intellectual activity takes place unconsciously, and unfelt by us.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (The Gay (Joyful) Science [1882], §333)
     A reaction: Note that this is 'intellectual activity', and just the hidden rumblings of instincts and emotions. I think he is right. Philosophers want to verbalise everything, but I don't think the main insights of philosophical thinking are verbal.
18. Thought / A. Modes of Thought / 5. Rationality / b. Human rationality
The fanatical rationality of Greek philosophy shows that they were in a state of emergency [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: The fanaticism with which the whole of Greek thought throws itself at rationality betrays itself as a state of emergency: one was in peril, one had only one choice: either to perish or- be absurdly rational.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Twilight of the Idols [1889], 1.10)