Combining Philosophers
Ideas for Antisthenes (Ath), Ofra Magidor and Michael Stanford
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24 ideas
19. Language / C. Assigning Meanings / 1. Syntax
18008
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Generative semantics says structure is determined by semantics as well as syntactic rules [Magidor]
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18010
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'John is easy to please' and 'John is eager to please' have different deep structure [Magidor]
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19. Language / C. Assigning Meanings / 2. Semantics
18053
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The semantics of a sentence is its potential for changing a context [Magidor]
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19. Language / C. Assigning Meanings / 4. Compositionality
18000
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Weaker compositionality says meaningful well-formed sentences get the meaning from the parts [Magidor]
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17999
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Strong compositionality says meaningful expressions syntactically well-formed are meaningful [Magidor]
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18014
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Understanding unlimited numbers of sentences suggests that meaning is compositional [Magidor]
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19. Language / D. Propositions / 2. Abstract Propositions / b. Propositions as possible worlds
18001
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Are there partial propositions, lacking truth value in some possible worlds? [Magidor]
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19. Language / F. Communication / 5. Pragmatics / a. Contextual meaning
18036
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A sentence can be meaningful, and yet lack a truth value [Magidor]
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18051
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In the pragmatic approach, presuppositions are assumed in a context, for successful assertion [Magidor]
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19. Language / F. Communication / 5. Pragmatics / b. Implicature
18043
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The infelicitiousness of trivial truth is explained by uninformativeness, or a static context-set [Magidor]
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18042
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The infelicitiousness of trivial falsity is explained by expectations, or the loss of a context-set [Magidor]
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19. Language / F. Communication / 5. Pragmatics / c. Presupposition
18047
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A presupposition is what makes an utterance sound wrong if it is not assumed? [Magidor]
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18048
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A test for presupposition would be if it provoked 'hey wait a minute - I have no idea that....' [Magidor]
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18049
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The best tests for presupposition are projecting it to negation, conditional, conjunction, questions [Magidor]
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18050
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If both s and not-s entail a sentence p, then p is a presupposition [Magidor]
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18054
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Why do certain words trigger presuppositions? [Magidor]
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19. Language / F. Communication / 6. Interpreting Language / d. Metaphor
18024
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One theory says metaphors mean the same as the corresponding simile [Magidor]
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18023
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Theories of metaphor divide over whether they must have literal meanings [Magidor]
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18025
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The simile view of metaphors removes their magic, and won't explain why we use them [Magidor]
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18026
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Maybe a metaphor is just a substitute for what is intended literally, like 'icy' for 'unemotional' [Magidor]
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18028
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Gricean theories of metaphor involve conversational implicatures based on literal meanings [Magidor]
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18029
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Non-cognitivist views of metaphor says there are no metaphorical meanings, just effects of the literal [Magidor]
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18022
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Metaphors tend to involve category mistakes, by joining disjoint domains [Magidor]
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18027
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Metaphors as substitutes for the literal misses one predicate varying with context [Magidor]
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