Combining Philosophers
Ideas for Peter Geach, Gottfried Leibniz and Robert Hanna
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29 ideas
2. Reason / A. Nature of Reason / 1. On Reason
16897
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Reason is the faculty for grasping apriori necessary truths [Leibniz, by Burge]
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13009
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A reason is a known truth which leads to assent to some further truth [Leibniz]
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2. Reason / A. Nature of Reason / 3. Pure Reason
19335
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Reasonings have a natural ordering in God's understanding, but only a temporal order in ours [Leibniz]
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2. Reason / A. Nature of Reason / 4. Aims of Reason
5035
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The two basics of reasoning are contradiction and sufficient reason [Leibniz]
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3346
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For Leibniz rationality is based on non-contradiction and the principle of sufficient reason [Leibniz, by Benardete,JA]
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2. Reason / A. Nature of Reason / 7. Status of Reason
12963
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Opposing reason is opposing truth, since reason is a chain of truths [Leibniz]
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2. Reason / A. Nature of Reason / 9. Limits of Reason
19433
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The universe is infinitely varied, so the Buridan's Ass dilemma could never happen [Leibniz]
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2. Reason / B. Laws of Thought / 1. Laws of Thought
19360
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General principles, even if unconscious, are indispensable for thinking [Leibniz]
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19404
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Necessities rest on contradiction, and contingencies on sufficient reason [Leibniz]
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2. Reason / B. Laws of Thought / 2. Sufficient Reason
3646
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There is always a reason why things are thus rather than otherwise [Leibniz]
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2104
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No reason could limit the quantity of matter, so there is no limit [Leibniz]
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5042
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For every event it is possible for an omniscient being to give a reason for its occurrence [Leibniz]
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4642
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No fact can be real and no proposition true unless there is a Sufficient Reason (even if we can't know it) [Leibniz]
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3347
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Leibniz said the principle of sufficient reason is synthetic a priori, since its denial is not illogical [Leibniz, by Benardete,JA]
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2098
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The principle of sufficient reason is needed if we are to proceed from maths to physics [Leibniz]
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2. Reason / B. Laws of Thought / 6. Ockham's Razor
19342
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Reason avoids multiplying hypotheses or principles [Leibniz]
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2. Reason / D. Definition / 1. Definitions
19426
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'Nominal' definitions just list distinguishing characteristics [Leibniz]
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2. Reason / D. Definition / 3. Types of Definition
12983
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A nominal definition is of the qualities, but the real definition is of the essential inner structure [Leibniz]
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2. Reason / D. Definition / 4. Real Definition
12915
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Definitions can only be real if the item is possible [Leibniz]
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12982
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One essence can be expressed by several definitions [Leibniz]
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12976
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If our ideas of a thing are imperfect, the thing can have several unconnected definitions [Leibniz]
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12984
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Real definitions, unlike nominal definitions, display possibilities [Leibniz]
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2. Reason / D. Definition / 5. Genus and Differentia
12980
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Genus and differentia might be swapped, and 'rational animal' become 'animable rational' [Leibniz]
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2. Reason / E. Argument / 6. Conclusive Proof
8627
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Leibniz is inclined to regard all truths as provable [Leibniz, by Frege]
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2. Reason / F. Fallacies / 1. Fallacy
11070
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'Denying the antecedent' fallacy: φ→ψ, ¬φ, so ¬ψ [Hanna]
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11071
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'Affirming the consequent' fallacy: φ→ψ, ψ, so φ [Hanna]
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11088
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We can list at least fourteen informal fallacies [Hanna]
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2. Reason / F. Fallacies / 4. Circularity
11059
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Circular arguments are formally valid, though informally inadmissible [Hanna]
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2. Reason / F. Fallacies / 5. Fallacy of Composition
11089
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Formally, composition and division fallacies occur in mereology [Hanna]
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