Combining Philosophers

Ideas for Herodotus, Friedrich Nietzsche and Richard Fitzralph

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7 ideas

20. Action / B. Preliminaries of Action / 2. Willed Action / a. Will to Act
The concept of the 'will' is just a false simplification by our understanding [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: There is no such thing as 'will'; it is only a simplifying conception of understanding, as is 'matter'.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (The Will to Power (notebooks) [1888], §671)
     A reaction: Nietzsche shares this view with British philosophers such as Hobbes and Bernard Williams. So what is the ontological status of the 'will to power'?
The will is constantly frustrated by the past [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: Powerless against that which has been done, the will is an angry spectator of all things past. The will cannot will backwards; that it cannot break time and time's desire - that is the will's most lonely affliction.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Thus Spake Zarathustra [1884], 2.20)
Drives make us feel non-feelings; Will is the effect of those feelings [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: 'Drive' is only a translation from the language of nonfeeling into the language of feeling. 'Will' is what is communicated to our feelings as a result of that process - in other words an effect, and not the beginning and cause.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Unpublished Notebooks 1881-82 [1882], 7[025])
     A reaction: This shows the link between his central idea of 'drives' in psychology, and the actions that result. Effectively this makes all our actions arise from the unconscious. Intention and choice are effectively epiphenomena.
The big error is to think the will is a faculty producing effects; in fact, it is just a word [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: At the beginning stands the great fateful error that the will is something which produces an effect - that will is a faculty.... Today we know it is merely a word.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Twilight of the Idols [1889], 2.5)
     A reaction: This is despite Nietzsche's insistence that 'will to power' is the central fact of active existence. The misreading of Nietzsche is to think that this refers to the conscious exercising of a mental faculty.
20. Action / B. Preliminaries of Action / 2. Willed Action / b. Volitionism
There is no such things a pure 'willing' on its own; the aim must always be part of it [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: There is no such thing as 'willing', but only willing something: one must not remove the aim from the total condition - as epistemologists do. 'Willing' as they understand it is as little a reality as 'thinking': it is a pure fiction.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (The Will to Power (notebooks) [1888], §668)
     A reaction: This is parallel to the common modern assertion that emotions also have intentional content, and cannot be understood as having a 'pure' identity.
20. Action / B. Preliminaries of Action / 2. Willed Action / d. Weakness of will
We need lower and higher drives, but they must be under firm control [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: All lower drives must be present and have fresh force if the highest ones want to exist and exist in abundance: but control of the whole must be in firm hands! otherwise the danger is too great.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Unpublished Notebooks 1881-82 [1882], 14[03])
     A reaction: This is unusual, because he speaks of the Self as little more than the currently dominant drive, but here he postulates a controller of the drives, a ringmaster. A-krasia means lack of control. Nietzsche wants en-krateia.
There is no will; weakness of will is splitting of impulses, strong will is coordination under one impulse [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: Weakness of will is misleading, for there is no will, and hence neither a strong will nor a weak one. Multiplicity and disaggregation of the impulses results as 'weak will'; coordination under the dominance of a single one results as 'strong will'.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Writings from Late Notebooks [1887], 14[219])
     A reaction: That Nietzsche seems to be right is clearer if we remember that the Greek terms are 'control' (enkrateia) and 'lack of control' (akrasia), with no reference to anything called the will.