Combining Philosophers

Ideas for Anaxarchus, Stathis Psillos and Simone Weil

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7 ideas

22. Metaethics / B. Value / 1. Nature of Value / b. Fact and value
Nothing is more usual than to apply to external bodies every internal sensation which they occasion [Psillos]
     Full Idea: Nothing is more usual than to apply to external bodies every internal sensation which they occasion.
     From: Stathis Psillos (Causation and Explanation [2002], §1.8)
     A reaction: This is the core of Hume's is/ought claim - what he calls the mind 'spreading itself'. It is a powerful claim. Personally I think we have become TOO sceptical here, and have the delusion that crucial features of nature are created within our minds.
22. Metaethics / B. Value / 1. Nature of Value / e. Means and ends
Ends, unlike means, cannot be defined, which is why people tend to pursue means [Weil]
     Full Idea: Everything that can be taken as an end cannot be defined. Means, such as power and money, are easily defined, and that is why people orient themselves exclusively towards the acquisition of means.
     From: Simone Weil (Reflections on Value [1941], p.31)
     A reaction: Nice, but too neat, because so many activities can be treated either as means or as ends, and often as both. It makes sense that people pursue what is clear to them.
22. Metaethics / B. Value / 1. Nature of Value / f. Ultimate value
All we need are the unity of justice, truth and beauty [Weil]
     Full Idea: Justice, truth, and beauty are sisters and comrades. With three such beautiful words we have no need to look for any others.
     From: Simone Weil (Human Personality [1943], p.93)
     A reaction: The embodiment of platonist values. Without the platonist ontology, I like the identification of a few core values, and have always thought that Beauty, Goodness and Truth were a well chosen trio. Swapping 'justice' for 'goodness' is interesting.
22. Metaethics / B. Value / 2. Values / a. Normativity
Minds essentially and always strive towards value [Weil]
     Full Idea: For the mind essentially and always, in whatever manner it is disposed, strives towards value.
     From: Simone Weil (Reflections on Value [1941], p.31)
     A reaction: A typically platonist thought. If you accept my view that values identify what is important, the thought is plausible. We might distinguish between what the mind pointlessly entertains, and what it 'strives' for.
22. Metaethics / B. Value / 2. Values / c. Life
The sacred in every human is their expectation of good rather than evil [Weil]
     Full Idea: At the bottom of every human heart …there is something that goes on indomitably expecting, in the teeth of all crimes committed, suffered and witnessed, that good and not evil will be done to him. It is this above all that is sacred in every human being.
     From: Simone Weil (Human Personality [1943], p.71)
     A reaction: I'm thinking that this expectation may come from having at least one loving parent, and failing that there are people who have no such expectation as adults. Simone obviously thinks the hope runs deeper than that.
22. Metaethics / B. Value / 2. Values / g. Love
Everything which originates in love is beautiful [Weil]
     Full Idea: Everything which originates from pure love is lit with the radiance of beauty.
     From: Simone Weil (Human Personality [1943], p.93)
     A reaction: I suppose if I found a counterexample, she would say that is not 'pure' love. This sentence leaves open the possibility of beauty in the absence of love (such as a beautiful face noticed in the street). In her case, can beauty and love be separated?
22. Metaethics / B. Value / 2. Values / j. Evil
Evil is transmitted by comforts and pleasures, but mostly by doing harm to people [Weil]
     Full Idea: One may transmit evil to a human being by flattering him or giving him comforts and pleasures; but most often men transmit evil to other men by doing them harm.
     From: Simone Weil (Human Personality [1943], p.94)
     A reaction: Some people receive harm very passively, especially if it is normal. What of tough love, which is erroneously seen as harm?