Combining Philosophers

Ideas for Alexis de Tocqueville, Alcmaeon and Friedrich Nietzsche

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5 ideas

25. Social Practice / A. Freedoms / 1. Slavery
Slavery undermines the morals and energy of a society [Tocqueville]
     Full Idea: Slavery dishonours labour; it introduces idleness into society, and with idleness, ignorance and pride, luxury and distress.
     From: Alexis de Tocqueville (Democracy in America (abr Renshaw) [1840], 1.01)
     A reaction: A pretty feeble reason (in the 1830s) for disliking slavery. He seems only concerned with the adverse effects on the slave-owning society, and shows no interest in the slaves themselves.
Slavery cannot be judged by our standards, because the sense of justice was then less developed [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: The injustice of slavery, the cruelty in subjugating persons and peoples, cannot be measured by our standards. For the instinct for justice was not so widely developed then.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Human, All Too Human [1878], 101)
     A reaction: Why do we value the instinct for justic which we have subsequently developed? Why do we think it is important, and battle to preserve it? This is the sort of creepy relativism that Nietzsche drifted into, and for the worse.
There is always slavery, whether we like it or not [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: In truth there is always slavery - whether you want it or not; e.g. Prussian officials. Scholars. Monks.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Unpublished Notebooks 1884-85 [1884], 25[225])
     A reaction: Not very persuasive examples. Monks are free to join and to leave. Maybe a lot of marriages are close to slavery for one side (usually the woman). Strict slavery has almost ceased in western civilisation (I think!). Nietzsche saw 'the herd' as slaves.
25. Social Practice / A. Freedoms / 3. Free speech
The liberty of the press is more valuable for what it prevents than what it promotes [Tocqueville]
     Full Idea: I approve of the liberty of the press from a consideration more of the evils it prevents than of the advantages it ensures.
     From: Alexis de Tocqueville (Democracy in America (abr Renshaw) [1840], 1.10)
     A reaction: He accepts the freedom of the press as inevitable in a democracy, but he found U.S. newspapers to be nearly as bad then as they are now.
25. Social Practice / A. Freedoms / 5. Freedom of lifestyle
Saints want to live as they desire, or not to live at all [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: 'To live as I desire to live or not to live at all': that is what I want, that is what the most saintly man wants.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Thus Spake Zarathustra [1884], 4.09)
     A reaction: [spoken by Zarathustra]