Combining Philosophers

Ideas for H.Putnam/P.Oppenheim, David S. Oderberg and Friedrich Nietzsche

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4 ideas

26. Natural Theory / C. Causation / 3. Final causes
We do not know the nature of one single causality [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: We do not know the nature of one single causality.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Unpublished Notebooks 1872-74 [1873], 19 [121])
26. Natural Theory / C. Causation / 7. Eliminating causation
Cause and effect is a hypothesis, based on our supposed willing of actions [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: Cause and effect is not a truth but rather a hypothesis - and indeed the one which we use to anthropomorphise the world for ourselves, bringing it in closer proximity to our feelings ('willing' is projected into it).
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Unpublished Notebooks 1884-85 [1884], 25[371])
     A reaction: That is (I think), we read the gap between thought and action onto natural external events, dividing them up. We treat the flow of events as if they were agent causation. Modern theories seem close to Nietzsche's unified view.
Science has taken the meaning out of causation; cause and effect are two equal sides of an equation [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: Science has emptied the concept of causality of its content and retained it as a formula of an equation, in which it has become at bottom a matter of indifference on which side cause is placed and on which side effect.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (The Will to Power (notebooks) [1888], §551)
     A reaction: What a perceptive remark in the nineteenth century. Science is notoriously uninterested in the direction of time, and such a symmetry seems to make the concept of causation redundant.
26. Natural Theory / C. Causation / 8. Particular Causation / a. Observation of causation
We derive the popular belief in cause and effect from our belief that our free will causes things [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: The popular belief in cause and effect is founded on the presupposition that free will is the cause of every effect: it is only from this that we derive the feeling of causality.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (The Will to Power (notebooks) [1888], §667)
     A reaction: It may be that our first experiences of causation involve the wil, though I don't see why babies shouldn't also observe. Nietzsche is muddling the epistemology with the ontology.