Combining Philosophers
Ideas for Philodemus, Hilary Putnam and Willard Quine
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16 ideas
26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 1. Natural Kinds
7375
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Quine probably regrets natural kinds now being treated as essences [Quine, by Dennett]
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16935
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If similarity has no degrees, kinds cannot be contained within one another [Quine]
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16936
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Comparative similarity allows the kind 'colored' to contain the kind 'red' [Quine]
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26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 3. Knowing Kinds
16937
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You can't base kinds just on resemblance, because chains of resemblance are a muddle [Quine]
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26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 4. Source of Kinds
11191
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The hidden structure of a natural kind determines membership in all possible worlds [Putnam]
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26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 5. Reference to Natural Kinds
11904
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Express natural kinds as a posteriori predicate connections, not as singular terms [Putnam, by Mackie,P]
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17507
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Natural kind stereotypes are 'strong' (obvious, like tiger) or 'weak' (obscure, like molybdenum) [Putnam]
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2342
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"Water" is a natural kind term, but "H2O" is a description [Putnam]
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26. Natural Theory / C. Causation / 8. Particular Causation / b. Causal relata
10370
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Causal relata are individuated by coarse spacetime regions [Quine, by Schaffer,J]
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26. Natural Theory / C. Causation / 8. Particular Causation / d. Selecting the cause
17645
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An alien might think oxygen was the main cause of a forest fire [Putnam]
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26. Natural Theory / D. Laws of Nature / 4. Regularities / a. Regularity theory
16942
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It is hard to see how regularities could be explained [Quine]
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26. Natural Theory / D. Laws of Nature / 8. Scientific Essentialism / a. Scientific essentialism
11190
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Archimedes meant by 'gold' the hidden structure or essence of the stuff [Putnam]
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11192
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If causes are the essence of diseases, then disease is an example of a relational essence [Putnam, by Williams,NE]
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26. Natural Theory / D. Laws of Nature / 8. Scientific Essentialism / b. Scientific necessity
5818
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If water is H2O in the actual world, there is no possible world where it isn't H2O [Putnam]
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26. Natural Theory / D. Laws of Nature / 8. Scientific Essentialism / e. Anti scientific essentialism
17862
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Essence gives an illusion of understanding [Quine, by Almog]
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10931
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We can't say 'necessarily if x is in water then x dissolves' if we can't quantify modally [Quine]
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