Combining Philosophers

Ideas for Anaxarchus, Bertrand Russell and Porphyry

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3 ideas

5. Theory of Logic / D. Assumptions for Logic / 2. Excluded Middle
Excluded middle can be stated psychologically, as denial of p implies assertion of not-p [Russell]
     Full Idea: The law of excluded middle may be stated in the form: If p is denied, not-p must be asserted; this form is too psychological to be ultimate, but the point is that it is significant and not a mere tautology.
     From: Bertrand Russell (Meinong on Complexes and Assumptions [1904], p.41)
     A reaction: 'Psychology' is, of course, taboo, post-Frege, though I think it is interesting. Stated in this form the law looks more false than usual. I can be quite clear than p is unacceptable, but unclear about its contrary.
Russell's theories aim to preserve excluded middle (saying all sentences are T or F) [Sawyer on Russell]
     Full Idea: Russell's account of names and definite descriptions was concerned to preserve the law of excluded middle, according to which every sentence is either true or false (but it is not obvious that the law ought to be preserved).
     From: comment on Bertrand Russell (On Denoting [1905]) by Sarah Sawyer - Empty Names 3
     A reaction: That is the strongest form of excluded middle, but things work better if every sentence is either 'true' or 'not true', leaving it open whether 'not true' actually means 'false'.
Questions wouldn't lead anywhere without the law of excluded middle [Russell]
     Full Idea: Without the law of excluded middle, we could not ask the questions that give rise to discoveries.
     From: Bertrand Russell (An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth [1940], c.p.88)