Combining Philosophers

Ideas for B Hale / C Wright, Plato and Alasdair MacIntyre

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4 ideas

6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 2. Geometry
Geometry can lead the mind upwards to truth and philosophy [Plato]
     Full Idea: Geometry can attract the mind towards truth. It can produce philosophical thought, in the sense that it can reverse the midguided downwards tendencies we currently have.
     From: Plato (The Republic [c.374 BCE], 527b)
     A reaction: Hence the Academy gate bore the inscription "Let no one enter here who is ignorant of geometry". He's not necessarily wrong. Something in early education must straighten out some of the kinks in the messy human mind.
It is absurd to define a circle, but not be able to recognise a real one [Plato]
     Full Idea: It will be ridiculous if our student knows the definition of the circle and of the divine sphere itself, but cannot recognize the human sphere and these our circles, used in housebuilding.
     From: Plato (Philebus [c.353 BCE], 62a)
     A reaction: This is the equivalent of being able to recite numbers, but not to count objects. It also resembles Molyneux's question (to Locke), of whether recognition by one sense entails recognition by others. Nice (and a bit anti-platonist!).
6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 4. Using Numbers / f. Arithmetic
If you add one to one, which one becomes two, or do they both become two? [Plato]
     Full Idea: I cannot convince myself that when you add one to one either the first or the second one becomes two, or they both become two by the addition of the one to the other, ...or that when you divide one, the cause of becoming two is now the division.
     From: Plato (Phaedo [c.382 BCE], 097d)
     A reaction: Lovely questions, all leading to the conclusion that two consists of partaking in duality, to which you can come by several different routes.
Daily arithmetic counts unequal things, but pure arithmetic equalises them [Plato]
     Full Idea: The arithmetic of the many computes sums of unequal units, such as two armies, or two herds, ..but philosopher's arithmetic computes when it is guaranteed that none of those infinitely many units differed in the least from any of the others.
     From: Plato (Philebus [c.353 BCE], 56d)
     A reaction: But of course 'the many' are ironing out the differences too, when they say there are 'three armies'. Shocking snob, Plato. Even philosophers are interested in the difference between three armies and three platoons.