Combining Philosophers

Ideas for Hermarchus, Aristotle and Stephen Hetherington

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5 ideas

6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 5. Definitions of Number / b. Greek arithmetic
Number is plurality measured by unity [Aristotle]
     Full Idea: Number is plurality as measured by unity.
     From: Aristotle (Metaphysics [c.324 BCE], 1057a04)
The idea of 'one' is the foundation of number [Aristotle]
     Full Idea: One is the principle of number qua number.
     From: Aristotle (Metaphysics [c.324 BCE], 1052b21)
Each many is just ones, and is measured by the one [Aristotle]
     Full Idea: The reason for saying of each number that it is many is just that it is ones and that each number is measured by the one.
     From: Aristotle (Metaphysics [c.324 BCE], 1056b16)
Some quantities are discrete, like number, and others continuous, like lines, time and space [Aristotle]
     Full Idea: Of quantities, some are discrete, others continuous. ...Discrete are number and language; continuous are lines, surfaces, bodies, and also, besides these, time and place.
     From: Aristotle (Categories [c.331 BCE], 04b20)
     A reaction: This distinction seems to me to be extremely illuminating, when comparing natural numbers with real numbers, and it is the foundation of the Greek view of mathematics.
6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 7. Mathematical Structuralism / a. Structuralism
Mathematics studies abstracted relations, commensurability and proportion [Aristotle]
     Full Idea: Mathematicians abstract perceptible features to study quantity and continuity ...and examine the mutual relations of some and the features of those relations, and commensurabilities of others, and of yet others the proportions.
     From: Aristotle (Metaphysics [c.324 BCE], 1061a32)
     A reaction: This sounds very much like the intuition of structuralism to me - that the subject is entirely about relations between things, with very little interest in the things themselves. See Aristotle on abstraction (under 'Thought').