Combining Philosophers

Ideas for Herodotus, Friedrich Nietzsche and Scott Shalkowski

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3 ideas

7. Existence / E. Categories / 5. Category Anti-Realism
Categories are not metaphysical truths, but inventions in the service of needs [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: The inventive force that thought up categories was working in the service of needs - security, quick comprehensibility using signs and sounds, means of abbreviation - 'substance', 'subject', 'being' etc are not metaphysical truths.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Writings from Late Notebooks [1887], 06[11])
     A reaction: This is a relativism going right to the heart of thinking and planting bombs. And yet we happily translate Confucius, and they can translate Aristotle. I bet the aliens could translate and understand our philosophy. How, without similar categories?
Philosophers find it particularly hard to shake off belief in necessary categories [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: Philosophers, in particular, have the greatest difficulty in freeing themselves from the belief that the basic concepts and categories of reason belong without further ado to the realm of metaphysical certainties.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (Writings from Late Notebooks [1887], 06[13])
     A reaction: As usual with Nietzsche, if you make any attempt to disagree with this, you are merely proving his point. All of Nietzsche's philosophy is couched in traditional categories, even when he criticises them. Is 'will to power' a new category?
Nihilism results from valuing the world by the 'categories of reason', because that is fiction [Nietzsche]
     Full Idea: The faith in the categories of reason is the cause of nihilism; we have measured the value of the world according to categories that refer to a purely fictitious world.
     From: Friedrich Nietzsche (The Will to Power (notebooks) [1888], §12B)
     A reaction: Presumably this refers to Kant, whose dogmatic assertions about the structure of human reason are as open to objection as those of Freud. Nietzsche may have a very profound truth here.