Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for Anaxarchus, [Roman law] and Vittorio Hsle

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4 ideas

1. Philosophy / E. Nature of Metaphysics / 3. Metaphysical Systems

22820	Early Romantics sought a plurality of systems, in a quest for freedom [Hösle]
	Full Idea: It was an early Romantic idea that there is necessarily a plurality of systems in which individuality is expressed; for a complete system would destroy freedom.
	From: Vittorio Hösle (A Short History of German Philosophy [2013], 7)
	A reaction: I'm not clear why you are free because you are locked into system that differs from that of other people. True freedom seems to be either no system, or continually remaking one's own system. Why is such freedom valuable? Freedom v truth?

13. Knowledge Criteria / D. Scepticism / 1. Scepticism

3061	Anaxarchus said that he was not even sure that he knew nothing [Anaxarchus, by Diog. Laertius]
	Full Idea: Anaxarchus said that he was not even sure that he knew nothing.
	From: report of Anaxarchus (fragments/reports [c.340 BCE]) by Diogenes Laertius - Lives of Eminent Philosophers 09.10.1

25. Social Practice / D. Justice / 3. Punishment / a. Right to punish

7294	No crime and no punishment without a law [Roman law]
	Full Idea: An ancient principle of Roman law states, nullum crimen et nulla poene sine lege, - there is no crime and no punishment without a law.
	From: [Roman law] (Roman Law [c.100]), quoted by A.C. Grayling - Among the Dead Cities Ch.6
	A reaction: That there is no 'punishment' without law seems the basis of civilization. Suppose a strong person imposed firm punishment in order to forestall more brutal revenge by others? What motivates the creation of criminal laws?

25. Social Practice / E. Policies / 5. Education / d. Study of history

22819	In the 18th century history came to be seen as progressive, rather than cyclical [Hösle]
	Full Idea: The turning point in the history of the philosophy of history occurs in the eighteenth century, when the ancient cyclical model of Vico is superseded by the idea of progress.
	From: Vittorio Hösle (A Short History of German Philosophy [2013], 6)
	A reaction: He says that Hegel merely inherited this progressive view, rather than creating it. I'm not sure how widely held the cyclical view was. I don't recognise it in Shakespeare. Science and technology must have suggested progress.