Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for Anaxarchus, John Mayberry and Euclid

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44 ideas

2. Reason / D. Definition / 2. Aims of Definition
17774 Definitions make our intuitions mathematically useful [Mayberry]
2. Reason / E. Argument / 6. Conclusive Proof
17773 Proof shows that it is true, but also why it must be true [Mayberry]
8623 Proof reveals the interdependence of truths, as well as showing their certainty [Euclid, by Frege]
4. Formal Logic / C. Predicate Calculus PC / 2. Tools of Predicate Calculus / c. Derivations rules of PC
13907 If you pick an arbitrary triangle, things proved of it are true of all triangles [Euclid, by Lemmon]
4. Formal Logic / F. Set Theory ST / 4. Axioms for Sets / a. Axioms for sets
17795 Set theory can't be axiomatic, because it is needed to express the very notion of axiomatisation [Mayberry]
17796 There is a semi-categorical axiomatisation of set-theory [Mayberry]
4. Formal Logic / F. Set Theory ST / 4. Axioms for Sets / f. Axiom of Infinity V
17800 The misnamed Axiom of Infinity says the natural numbers are finite in size [Mayberry]
4. Formal Logic / F. Set Theory ST / 5. Conceptions of Set / e. Iterative sets
17801 The set hierarchy doesn't rely on the dubious notion of 'generating' them [Mayberry]
4. Formal Logic / F. Set Theory ST / 5. Conceptions of Set / f. Limitation of Size
17803 Limitation of size is part of the very conception of a set [Mayberry]
5. Theory of Logic / A. Overview of Logic / 2. History of Logic
17786 The mainstream of modern logic sees it as a branch of mathematics [Mayberry]
5. Theory of Logic / A. Overview of Logic / 5. First-Order Logic
17788 First-order logic only has its main theorems because it is so weak [Mayberry]
5. Theory of Logic / A. Overview of Logic / 7. Second-Order Logic
17791 Only second-order logic can capture mathematical structure up to isomorphism [Mayberry]
5. Theory of Logic / G. Quantification / 2. Domain of Quantification
17787 Big logic has one fixed domain, but standard logic has a domain for each interpretation [Mayberry]
5. Theory of Logic / J. Model Theory in Logic / 3. Löwenheim-Skolem Theorems
17790 No Löwenheim-Skolem logic can axiomatise real analysis [Mayberry]
5. Theory of Logic / K. Features of Logics / 1. Axiomatisation
17779 'Classificatory' axioms aim at revealing similarity in morphology of structures [Mayberry]
17778 Axiomatiation relies on isomorphic structures being essentially the same [Mayberry]
17780 'Eliminatory' axioms get rid of traditional ideal and abstract objects [Mayberry]
5. Theory of Logic / K. Features of Logics / 6. Compactness
17789 No logic which can axiomatise arithmetic can be compact or complete [Mayberry]
6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 2. Geometry
6297 Euclid's geometry is synthetic, but Descartes produced an analytic version of it [Euclid, by Resnik]
6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 3. Nature of Numbers / b. Types of number
9603 An assumption that there is a largest prime leads to a contradiction [Euclid, by Brown,JR]
6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 3. Nature of Numbers / g. Real numbers
17784 Real numbers can be eliminated, by axiom systems for complete ordered fields [Mayberry]
6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 3. Nature of Numbers / m. One
9894 A unit is that according to which each existing thing is said to be one [Euclid]
6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 4. Using Numbers / b. Quantity
17782 Greek quantities were concrete, and ratio and proportion were their science [Mayberry]
17781 Real numbers were invented, as objects, to simplify and generalise 'quantity' [Mayberry]
6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 5. The Infinite / a. The Infinite
17799 Cantor's infinite is an absolute, of all the sets or all the ordinal numbers [Mayberry]
17797 Cantor extended the finite (rather than 'taming the infinite') [Mayberry]
8738 Postulate 2 says a line can be extended continuously [Euclid, by Shapiro]
6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 1. Foundations for Mathematics
17775 If proof and definition are central, then mathematics needs and possesses foundations [Mayberry]
17776 The ultimate principles and concepts of mathematics are presumed, or grasped directly [Mayberry]
17777 Foundations need concepts, definition rules, premises, and proof rules [Mayberry]
17804 Axiom theories can't give foundations for mathematics - that's using axioms to explain axioms [Mayberry]
6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 3. Axioms for Geometry
22278 Euclid relied on obvious properties in diagrams, as well as on his axioms [Potter on Euclid]
8673 Euclid's parallel postulate defines unique non-intersecting parallel lines [Euclid, by Friend]
10250 Euclid needs a principle of continuity, saying some lines must intersect [Shapiro on Euclid]
10302 Euclid says we can 'join' two points, but Hilbert says the straight line 'exists' [Euclid, by Bernays]
14157 Modern geometries only accept various parts of the Euclid propositions [Russell on Euclid]
6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 4. Axioms for Number / d. Peano arithmetic
17792 1st-order PA is only interesting because of results which use 2nd-order PA [Mayberry]
6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 4. Axioms for Number / g. Incompleteness of Arithmetic
17793 It is only 2nd-order isomorphism which suggested first-order PA completeness [Mayberry]
6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 5. Definitions of Number / b. Greek arithmetic
1600 Euclid's common notions or axioms are what we must have if we are to learn anything at all [Euclid, by Roochnik]
6. Mathematics / B. Foundations for Mathematics / 6. Mathematics as Set Theory / a. Mathematics is set theory
17794 Set theory is not just first-order ZF, because that is inadequate for mathematics [Mayberry]
17802 We don't translate mathematics into set theory, because it comes embodied in that way [Mayberry]
17805 Set theory is not just another axiomatised part of mathematics [Mayberry]
9. Objects / A. Existence of Objects / 2. Abstract Objects / a. Nature of abstracta
17785 Real numbers as abstracted objects are now treated as complete ordered fields [Mayberry]
13. Knowledge Criteria / D. Scepticism / 1. Scepticism
3061 Anaxarchus said that he was not even sure that he knew nothing [Anaxarchus, by Diog. Laertius]