Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for Benjamin Constant, Marcus Aurelius and Gordon Graham

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22 ideas

1. Philosophy / A. Wisdom / 2. Wise People
3067 A philosopher should have principles ready for understanding, like a surgeon with instruments [Aurelius]
7. Existence / B. Change in Existence / 1. Nature of Change
3072 Everything is changing, including yourself and the whole universe [Aurelius]
13. Knowledge Criteria / E. Relativism / 3. Subjectivism
6685 'Subjectivism' is an extension of relativism from the social group to the individual [Graham]
22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 1. Nature of Ethics / g. Moral responsibility
6699 The chain of consequences may not be the same as the chain of responsibility [Graham]
22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 2. Source of Ethics / k. Ethics from nature
3066 Nothing is evil which is according to nature [Aurelius]
22. Metaethics / C. The Good / 1. Goodness / g. Consequentialism
6698 Negative consequences are very hard (and possibly impossible) to assess [Graham]
22. Metaethics / C. The Good / 1. Goodness / i. Moral luck
6700 We can't criticise people because of unforeseeable consequences [Graham]
22. Metaethics / C. The Good / 3. Pleasure / c. Value of pleasure
3071 Justice has no virtue opposed to it, but pleasure has temperance opposed to it [Aurelius]
23. Ethics / A. Egoism / 1. Ethical Egoism
6704 Egoism submits to desires, but cannot help form them [Graham]
23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 2. Elements of Virtue Theory / b. Living naturally
3069 The art of life is more like the wrestler's than the dancer's [Aurelius]
23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 2. Elements of Virtue Theory / h. Right feelings
6701 Rescue operations need spontaneous benevolence, not careful thought [Graham]
23. Ethics / D. Deontological Ethics / 4. Categorical Imperative
6693 'What if everybody did that?' rather misses the point as an objection to cheating [Graham]
23. Ethics / F. Existentialism / 1. Existentialism
6691 It is more plausible to say people can choose between values, than that they can create them [Graham]
23. Ethics / F. Existentialism / 2. Nihilism
6688 Life is only absurd if you expected an explanation and none turns up [Graham]
23. Ethics / F. Existentialism / 5. Existence-Essence
6705 Existentialism may transcend our nature, unlike eudaimonism [Graham]
23. Ethics / F. Existentialism / 6. Authentic Self
6690 A standard problem for existentialism is the 'sincere Nazi' [Graham]
23. Ethics / F. Existentialism / 7. Existential Action
6689 The key to existentialism: the way you make choices is more important than what you choose [Graham]
24. Political Theory / A. Basis of a State / 1. A People / a. Human distinctiveness
3065 Humans are naturally made for co-operation [Aurelius]
24. Political Theory / D. Ideologies / 6. Liberalism / b. Liberal individualism
22595 Liberty is the triumph of the individual, over both despotic government and enslaving majorities [Constant]
24. Political Theory / D. Ideologies / 6. Liberalism / c. Liberal equality
22597 Minority rights are everyone's rights, because we all have turns in the minority [Constant]
29. Religion / D. Religious Issues / 1. Religious Commitment / a. Religious Belief
6706 The great religions are much more concerned with the religious life than with ethics [Graham]
29. Religion / D. Religious Issues / 2. Immortality / a. Immortality
6709 Western religion saves us from death; Eastern religion saves us from immortality [Graham]