5 ideas
| 7822 | A neo-Stoic movement began in the late sixteenth century [Lipsius, by Grayling] |
| 18241 | Sufficient reason is implied by contradiction, of an insufficient possible which exists [Wolff, by Korsgaard] |
| 20645 | Heat is a state of vibration, not a substance [Joule] |
| 20972 | Joule showed that energy converts to heat, and heat to energy [Joule, by Papineau] |
| 18242 | Confucius shows that ethics can rest on reason, rather than on revelation [Wolff, by Korsgaard] |