Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for H.Putnam/P.Oppenheim, Adam Cross and David H. Sanford

expand these ideas     |    start again     |     specify just one area for these philosophers

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4 ideas

13. Knowledge Criteria / C. External Justification / 1. External Justification

3568	Surely ALL truths are externally justified, by the facts? [Cross,A]

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / g. Causal explanations

8406	Not all explanations are causal, but if a thing can be explained at all, it can be explained causally [Sanford]

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / j. Explanations by reduction

20653

Six reduction levels: groups, lives, cells, molecules, atoms, particles [Putnam/Oppenheim, by Watson]

26. Natural Theory / C. Causation / 8. Particular Causation / c. Conditions of causation

8407	A totality of conditions necessary for an occurrence is usually held to be jointly sufficient for it [Sanford]