Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for H.Putnam/P.Oppenheim, Alexander and James Joule

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4 ideas

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / j. Explanations by reduction

20653

Six reduction levels: groups, lives, cells, molecules, atoms, particles [Putnam/Oppenheim, by Watson]

26. Natural Theory / A. Speculations on Nature / 6. Early Matter Theories / g. Atomism

20919

How can things without weight compose weight? [Alexander]

27. Natural Reality / A. Classical Physics / 2. Thermodynamics / b. Heat

20645

Heat is a state of vibration, not a substance [Joule]

20972

Joule showed that energy converts to heat, and heat to energy [Joule, by Papineau]