Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for H.Putnam/P.Oppenheim, Alexander R. Pruss and Timothy Smiley

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3 ideas

10. Modality / C. Sources of Modality / 5. Modality from Actuality

12468

A state of affairs is only possible if there has been an actual substance to initiate it [Pruss]

11. Knowledge Aims / A. Knowledge / 2. Understanding

18810

Aristotle's proofs give understanding, so it can't be otherwise, so consequence is necessary [Smiley, by Rumfitt]

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / j. Explanations by reduction

20653

Six reduction levels: groups, lives, cells, molecules, atoms, particles [Putnam/Oppenheim, by Watson]