Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for H.Putnam/P.Oppenheim, Arcesilaus and Beth Lord

expand these ideas     |    start again     |     specify just one area for these philosophers

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4 ideas

1. Philosophy / B. History of Ideas / 5. Later European Thought

21855

Only in the 1780s did it become acceptable to read Spinoza [Lord]

13. Knowledge Criteria / D. Scepticism / 3. Illusion Scepticism

2667	A false object might give the same presentation as a true one [Arcesilaus, by Cicero]

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / j. Explanations by reduction

20653

Six reduction levels: groups, lives, cells, molecules, atoms, particles [Putnam/Oppenheim, by Watson]

15. Nature of Minds / C. Capacities of Minds / 10. Conatus/Striving

21866

Hobbes and Spinoza use 'conatus' to denote all endeavour for advantage in nature [Lord]