Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for H.Putnam/P.Oppenheim, Carl Ginet and Helen Cartwright

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4 ideas

5. Theory of Logic / F. Referring in Logic / 1. Naming / d. Singular terms

10670

A 'singulariser' converts a plural like 'number of' to a syntactically neutral form [Cartwright,H, by Hossack]

13. Knowledge Criteria / A. Justification Problems / 1. Justification / a. Justification issues

8836	Must all justification be inferential? [Ginet]

8837	Inference cannot originate justification, it can only transfer it from premises to conclusion [Ginet]

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / j. Explanations by reduction

20653

Six reduction levels: groups, lives, cells, molecules, atoms, particles [Putnam/Oppenheim, by Watson]