Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for H.Putnam/P.Oppenheim, Einstein,A/Infeld,L and Carl Ginet

expand these ideas     |    start again     |     specify just one area for these philosophers

---

4 ideas

13. Knowledge Criteria / A. Justification Problems / 1. Justification / a. Justification issues

8836	Must all justification be inferential? [Ginet]

8837	Inference cannot originate justification, it can only transfer it from premises to conclusion [Ginet]

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / j. Explanations by reduction

20653

Six reduction levels: groups, lives, cells, molecules, atoms, particles [Putnam/Oppenheim, by Watson]

27. Natural Reality / B. Modern Physics / 2. Electrodynamics / b. Fields

18202

The concept of a field gradually replaced the substances in explaining relations between charges [Einstein/Infeld]