Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for H.Putnam/P.Oppenheim, Gary Kemp and John Cottingham

expand these ideas     |    start again     |     specify just one area for these philosophers

---

9 ideas

9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 2. Substance / c. Types of substance

4304	Descartes says there are two substance, Spinoza one, and Leibniz infinitely many [Cottingham]

12. Knowledge Sources / C. Rationalism / 1. Rationalism

4303	The notion of substance lies at the heart of rationalist metaphysics [Cottingham]

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / j. Explanations by reduction

20653

Six reduction levels: groups, lives, cells, molecules, atoms, particles [Putnam/Oppenheim, by Watson]

20. Action / C. Motives for Action / 3. Acting on Reason / a. Practical reason

4316	Either all action is rational, or reason dominates, or reason is only concerned with means [Cottingham]

21. Aesthetics / A. Aesthetic Experience / 1. Aesthetics

20416

By 1790 aestheticians were mainly trying to explain individual artistic genius [Kemp]

21. Aesthetics / B. Nature of Art / 4. Art as Expression

20417

Expression can be either necessary for art, or sufficient for art (or even both) [Kemp]

20418

The horror expressed in some works of art could equallly be expressed by other means [Kemp]

20419

We don't already know what to express, and then seek means of expressing it [Kemp]

26. Natural Theory / C. Causation / 9. General Causation / d. Causal necessity

4306	For rationalists, it is necessary that effects be deducible from their causes [Cottingham]