Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for H.Putnam/P.Oppenheim, Jan Lukasiewicz and Benjamin Schnieder

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3 ideas

4. Formal Logic / E. Nonclassical Logics / 3. Many-Valued Logic

8942	Lukasiewicz's L3 logic has three truth-values, T, F and I (for 'indeterminate') [Lukasiewicz, by Fisher]

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / a. Types of explanation

17319

There are 'conceptual' explanations, with their direction depending on complexity [Schnieder]

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / j. Explanations by reduction

20653

Six reduction levels: groups, lives, cells, molecules, atoms, particles [Putnam/Oppenheim, by Watson]