Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for H.Putnam/P.Oppenheim, Michael Martin and Richard Sorabji

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6 ideas

1. Philosophy / D. Nature of Philosophy / 5. Aims of Philosophy / e. Philosophy as reason
6855 Interesting philosophers hardly every give you explicitly valid arguments [Martin,M]
2. Reason / E. Argument / 1. Argument
6856 Valid arguments can be rejected by challenging the premises or presuppositions [Martin,M]
12. Knowledge Sources / B. Perception / 1. Perception
6857 An error theory of perception says our experience is not as it seems to be [Martin,M]
12. Knowledge Sources / E. Direct Knowledge / 4. Memory
23304 The ancient Memorists said virtually all types of thinking could be done simply by memory [Sorabji]
23303 Stoics say true memory needs reflection and assent, but animals only have perceptual recognition [Sorabji]
14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / j. Explanations by reduction
20653 Six reduction levels: groups, lives, cells, molecules, atoms, particles [Putnam/Oppenheim, by Watson]