Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for H.Putnam/P.Oppenheim, Oswald Spengler and Jim Baggott

expand these ideas     |    start again     |     specify just one area for these philosophers

9 ideas

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / j. Explanations by reduction
20653 Six reduction levels: groups, lives, cells, molecules, atoms, particles [Putnam/Oppenheim, by Watson]
24. Political Theory / B. Nature of a State / 5. Culture
20948 Human cultures are organisms which grow, and then fade and die [Spengler, by Bowie]
27. Natural Reality / A. Classical Physics / 2. Thermodynamics / a. Energy
24162 Planck introduced the idea that energy can be quantized [Baggott]
27. Natural Reality / B. Modern Physics / 2. Electrodynamics / b. Fields
21731 Fields can be 'scalar', or 'vector', or 'tensor', or 'spinor' [Baggott]
21730 A 'field' is a property with a magnitude, distributed across all of space and time [Baggott]
27. Natural Reality / B. Modern Physics / 2. Electrodynamics / c. Electrons
24163 Free electrons have clouds of virtual particles, arising from field interaction [Baggott]
27. Natural Reality / B. Modern Physics / 4. Standard Model / a. Concept of matter
24161 Thermodynamics sees nature as a continuous flow of energy, as radiation and as substance [Baggott]
27. Natural Reality / B. Modern Physics / 4. Standard Model / b. Standard model
21732 The current standard model requires 61 particles [Baggott]
27. Natural Reality / B. Modern Physics / 4. Standard Model / c. Particle properties
24160 Particle measurements don't seem to reflect their reality [Baggott]