Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for H.Putnam/P.Oppenheim, Pierre Duhem and James Cargile

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4 ideas

5. Theory of Logic / G. Quantification / 6. Plural Quantification

14235

Saying 'they can become a set' is a tautology, because reference to 'they' implies a collection [Cargile]

14. Science / A. Basis of Science / 6. Falsification

22137

Observation can force rejection of some part of the initial set of claims [Duhem, by Boulter]

14. Science / B. Scientific Theories / 6. Theory Holism

18197

Experiments only test groups of hypotheses, and can't show which one is wrong [Duhem]

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / j. Explanations by reduction

20653

Six reduction levels: groups, lives, cells, molecules, atoms, particles [Putnam/Oppenheim, by Watson]