Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for H.Putnam/P.Oppenheim, Timothy Smiley and David Fair

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4 ideas

11. Knowledge Aims / A. Knowledge / 2. Understanding

18810

Aristotle's proofs give understanding, so it can't be otherwise, so consequence is necessary [Smiley, by Rumfitt]

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / j. Explanations by reduction

20653

Six reduction levels: groups, lives, cells, molecules, atoms, particles [Putnam/Oppenheim, by Watson]

26. Natural Theory / C. Causation / 4. Naturalised causation

8326	Science has shown that causal relations are just transfers of energy or momentum [Fair, by Sosa/Tooley]

10379

Fair shifted his view to talk of counterfactuals about energy flow [Fair, by Schaffer,J]