Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for H.Putnam/P.Oppenheim, Timothy Smiley and Mary Astell

expand these ideas     |    start again     |     specify just one area for these philosophers

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3 ideas

11. Knowledge Aims / A. Knowledge / 2. Understanding

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Aristotle's proofs give understanding, so it can't be otherwise, so consequence is necessary [Smiley, by Rumfitt]

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / j. Explanations by reduction

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Six reduction levels: groups, lives, cells, molecules, atoms, particles [Putnam/Oppenheim, by Watson]

24. Political Theory / A. Basis of a State / 3. Natural Values / a. Natural freedom

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If men are born free, are women born slaves? [Astell]