Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for H.Putnam/P.Oppenheim, Xunzi (Xun Kuang) and Michael Bratman

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7 ideas

14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / j. Explanations by reduction

20653

Six reduction levels: groups, lives, cells, molecules, atoms, particles [Putnam/Oppenheim, by Watson]

20. Action / B. Preliminaries of Action / 1. Intention to Act / a. Nature of intentions

20034

Intentions must be mutually consistent, affirm appropriate means, and fit the agent's beliefs [Bratman, by Wilson/Schpall]

20033

Intentions are normative, requiring commitment and further plans [Bratman, by Wilson/Schpall]

20. Action / B. Preliminaries of Action / 1. Intention to Act / b. Types of intention

20026

Intention is either the aim of an action, or a long-term constraint on what we can do [Bratman, by Wilson/Schpall]

20. Action / B. Preliminaries of Action / 1. Intention to Act / c. Reducing intentions

20032

Bratman rejected reducing intentions to belief-desire, because they motivate, and have their own standards [Bratman, by Wilson/Schpall]

23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 2. Elements of Virtue Theory / d. Teaching virtue

23405

Rituals escape natural chaos, and benefit everyone, by reshaping our motivations [Xunzi (Xun Kuang), by Norden]

23406

Rituals don't arise from human nature; they are the deliberate creations of a sage [Xunzi (Xun Kuang)]