1801 ideas
| 78 | Wisdom is scientific and intuitive knowledge of what is by nature most precious [Aristotle] |
| 5248 | Wisdom does not study happiness, because it is not concerned with processes [Aristotle] |
| 548 | Knowledge chosen for its own sake, rather than for results, is wisdom [Aristotle] |
| 19693 | There is practical wisdom (for action), and theoretical wisdom (for deep understanding) [Aristotle, by Whitcomb] |
| 11228 | Wisdom seeks explanations, causes, and reasons why things are as they are [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 14888 | Wisdom prevents us from being ruled by the moment [Nietzsche] |
| 14857 | The highest wisdom has the guise of simplicity [Nietzsche] |
| 2682 | Aristotle thinks human life is not important enough to spend a whole life on it [Nagel on Aristotle] |
| 103 | Wise people can contemplate alone, though co-operation helps [Aristotle] |
| 14863 | Unlike science, true wisdom involves good taste [Nietzsche] |
| 20262 | Don't use wisdom in order to become clever! [Nietzsche] |
| 545 | It is not much help if a doctor knows about universals but not the immediate particular [Aristotle] |
| 20383 | The wisest man is full of contradictions, and attuned to other people, with occasional harmony [Nietzsche] |
| 14890 | Suffering is the meaning of existence [Nietzsche] |
| 18290 | But what is the reasoning of the body, that it requires the wisdom you seek? [Nietzsche] |
| 7170 | 'Wisdom' attempts to get beyond perspectives, making it hostile to life [Nietzsche] |
| 2922 | All intelligent Romans were Epicureans [Nietzsche] |
| 18330 | Judging by the positive forces, the Renaissance was the last great age [Nietzsche] |
| 24146 | All the major problems were formulated before Socrates [Nietzsche] |
| 2900 | I revere Heraclitus [Nietzsche] |
| 2913 | Thucydides was the perfect anti-platonist sophist [Nietzsche] |
| 20255 | Early 19th century German philosophers enjoyed concepts, rather than scientific explanations [Nietzsche] |
| 20260 | Carlyle spent his life vainly trying to make reason appear romantic [Nietzsche] |
| 7848 | Philosophy begins in the horror and absurdity of existence [Nietzsche, by Ansell Pearson] |
| 7846 | Nietzsche thinks philosophy makes us more profound, but not better [Nietzsche, by Ansell Pearson] |
| 7834 | Great philosophies are confessions by the author, growing out of moral intentions [Nietzsche] |
| 4520 | I don't want to persuade anyone to be a philosopher; they should be rare plants [Nietzsche] |
| 549 | All philosophy begins from wonder, either at the physical world, or at ideas [Aristotle] |
| 2909 | Thinking has to be learned in the way dancing has to be learned [Nietzsche] |
| 4424 | A warlike philosopher challenges problems to single combat [Nietzsche] |
| 1695 | Without extensive examination firm statements are hard, but studying the difficulties is profitable [Aristotle] |
| 1576 | If each of us can give some logos about parts of nature, our combined efforts can be impressive [Aristotle] |
| 14861 | Philosophy ennobles the world, by producing an artistic conception of our knowledge [Nietzsche] |
| 624 | Absolute thinking is the thinking of thinking [Aristotle] |
| 609 | Philosophy is a kind of science that deals with principles [Aristotle] |
| 572 | Philosophy has different powers from dialectic, and a different life from sophistry [Aristotle] |
| 22171 | If only natural substances exist, science is first philosophy - but not if there is an immovable substance [Aristotle] |
| 2845 | Free and great-souled men do not keep asking "what is the use of it?" [Aristotle] |
| 21360 | Unobservant thinkers tend to dogmatise using insufficient facts [Aristotle] |
| 14887 | You should only develop a philosophy if you are willing to live by it [Nietzsche] |
| 14885 | The first aim of a philosopher is a life, not some works [Nietzsche] |
| 24142 | What matters is how humans can be developed [Nietzsche] |
| 2930 | The main aim of philosophy must be to determine the order of rank among values [Nietzsche] |
| 11242 | Wisdom is knowledge of principles and causes [Aristotle] |
| 17949 | Inquiry is the cause of philosophy [Aristotle] |
| 12038 | Translate as 'humans all desire by nature to understand' (not as 'to know') [Aristotle, by Annas] |
| 24143 | Thinkers might agree some provisional truths, as methodological assumptions [Nietzsche] |
| 14889 | Philosophy is pointless if it does not advocate, and live, a new way of life [Nietzsche] |
| 14862 | Philosophy is more valuable than much of science, because of its beauty [Nietzsche] |
| 559 | Even people who go astray in their opinions have contributed something useful [Aristotle] |
| 112 | Most people are readier to submit to compulsion than to argument [Aristotle] |
| 14878 | It would better if there was no thought [Nietzsche] |
| 14881 | Why do people want philosophers? [Nietzsche] |
| 14876 | Philosophy is always secondary, because it cannot support a popular culture [Nietzsche] |
| 14854 | Deep thinkers know that they are always wrong [Nietzsche] |
| 20256 | What we think is totally dictated by the language available to express it [Nietzsche] |
| 20107 | How many mediocre thinkers are occupied with influential problems! [Nietzsche] |
| 7167 | Words such as 'I' and 'do' and 'done to' are placed at the point where our ignorance begins [Nietzsche] |
| 7196 | Pessimism is laughable, because the world cannot be evaluated [Nietzsche] |
| 7137 | Is a 'philosopher' now impossible, because knowledge is too vast for an overview? [Nietzsche] |
| 14833 | Comedy is a transition from fear to exuberance [Nietzsche] |
| 18303 | Reject wisdom that lacks laughter [Nietzsche] |
| 7080 | Metaphysics divided the old unified Greek world into two [Nietzsche, by Critchley] |
| 20265 | The desire for a complete system requires making the weak parts look equal to the rest [Nietzsche] |
| 24125 | Aristotle enjoyed the sham generalities of a system, as the peak of happiness! [Nietzsche] |
| 23183 | Different abilities are needed for living in an incomplete and undogmatic system [Nietzsche] |
| 2892 | Wanting a system in philosophy is a lack of integrity [Nietzsche] |
| 20352 | Nietzsche has a metaphysics, as well as perspectives - the ontology is the perspectives [Nietzsche, by Richardson] |
| 14860 | Kant has undermined our belief in metaphysics [Nietzsche] |
| 22521 | Our method of inquiry is to examine the smallest parts that make up the whole [Aristotle] |
| 12274 | Begin examination with basics, and subdivide till you can go no further [Aristotle] |
| 23188 | Bad writers use shapeless floating splotches of concepts [Nietzsche] |
| 7132 | Philosophers should create and fight for their concepts, not just clean and clarify them [Nietzsche] |
| 20121 | Grammar only reveals popular metaphysics [Nietzsche] |
| 22 | Trained minds never expect more precision than is possible [Aristotle] |
| 76 | The object of scientific knowledge is what is necessary [Aristotle] |
| 14859 | If philosophy controls science, then it has to determine its scope, and its value [Nietzsche] |
| 20143 | Scientific knowledge is nothing without a prior philosophical 'faith' [Nietzsche] |
| 24147 | Thoughts are uncertain, and are just occasions for interpretation [Nietzsche] |
| 23212 | A text has many interpretations, but no 'correct' one [Nietzsche] |
| 2676 | Didactic argument starts from the principles of the subject, not from the opinions of the learner [Aristotle] |
| 11283 | There is pure deductive reasoning, and explanatory demonstration reasoning [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 23250 | Desired responsible actions result either from rational or from irrational desire [Aristotle] |
| 24047 | An account is either a definition or a demonstration [Aristotle] |
| 1575 | For Aristotle logos is essentially the ability to talk rationally about questions of value [Roochnik on Aristotle] |
| 1570 | Human beings, alone of the animals, have logos [Aristotle] |
| 1574 | Reasoning distinguishes what is beneficial, and hence what is right [Aristotle] |
| 2675 | Reasoning is a way of making statements which makes them lead on to other statements [Aristotle] |
| 5082 | Reason grasps generalities, while the senses grasp particulars [Aristotle] |
| 1589 | Aristotle is the supreme optimist about the ability of logos to explain nature [Roochnik on Aristotle] |
| 23722 | Objectivity is not disinterestedness (impossible), but the ability to switch perspectives [Nietzsche] |
| 4545 | Could not the objective character of things be merely a difference of degree within the subjective? [Nietzsche] |
| 24084 | Seeing with other eyes is more egoism, but exploring other perspectives leads to objectivity [Nietzsche] |
| 1672 | Maybe everything could be demonstrated, if demonstration can be reciprocal or circular [Aristotle] |
| 623 | It is readily agreed that thinking is the most godlike of things in our experience [Aristotle] |
| 20379 | Reason is just another organic drive, developing late, and fighting for equality [Nietzsche] |
| 2896 | I want to understand the Socratic idea that 'reason equals virtue equals happiness' [Nietzsche] |
| 4530 | Reason is a mere idiosyncrasy of a certain species of animal [Nietzsche] |
| 2801 | Intelligence which looks ahead is a natural master, while bodily strength is a natural slave [Aristotle] |
| 4523 | What can be 'demonstrated' is of little worth [Nietzsche] |
| 19740 | A very hungry man cannot choose between equidistant piles of food [Aristotle] |
| 4531 | Our inability to both affirm and deny a single thing is merely an inability, not a 'necessity' [Nietzsche] |
| 1601 | The most certain basic principle is that contradictories can't be true at the same time [Aristotle] |
| 11281 | We cannot say that one thing both is and is not a man [Aristotle] |
| 11282 | Aristotle does not take the principle of non-contradiction for granted [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 23917 | Contrary statements can both be reasonable, if they are meant in two different ways [Aristotle] |
| 6561 | A thing cannot be both in and not-in the same thing (at a given time) [Aristotle] |
| 1602 | For Aristotle predication is regulated by Non-Contradiction, because underlying stability is essential [Roochnik on Aristotle] |
| 4333 | Contraries are by definition as far distant as possible from one another [Aristotle] |
| 1708 | In "Callias is just/not just/unjust", which of these are contraries? [Aristotle] |
| 24052 | From one thing alone we can infer its contrary [Aristotle] |
| 1697 | The contrary of good is bad, but the contrary of bad is either good or another evil [Aristotle] |
| 1684 | Two falsehoods can be contrary to one another [Aristotle] |
| 1698 | Both sides of contraries need not exist (as health without sickness, white without black) [Aristotle] |
| 608 | There is no middle ground in contradiction, but there is in contrariety [Aristotle] |
| 627 | If everything is made of opposites, are the opposed things made of opposites? [Aristotle] |
| 628 | Not everything is composed of opposites; what, for example, is the opposite of matter? [Aristotle] |
| 4541 | Everything simple is merely imaginary [Nietzsche] |
| 5847 | It is the role of dialectic to survey syllogisms [Aristotle] |
| 12260 | Dialectic starts from generally accepted opinions [Aristotle] |
| 2897 | With dialectics the rabble gets on top [Nietzsche] |
| 2677 | Dialectic aims to start from generally accepted opinions, and lead to a contradiction [Aristotle] |
| 2674 | Competitive argument aims at refutation, fallacy, paradox, solecism or repetition [Aristotle] |
| 12291 | There can't be one definition of two things, or two definitions of the same thing [Aristotle] |
| 12292 | Definitions are easily destroyed, since they can contain very many assertions [Aristotle] |
| 10957 | The material element may be essential to a definition [Aristotle] |
| 10953 | The parts of a definition are isomorphic to the parts of the entity [Aristotle] |
| 10960 | If we define 'man' as 'two-footed animal', why does that make man a unity? [Aristotle] |
| 16094 | You can't define particulars, because accounts have to be generalised [Aristotle] |
| 4417 | Only that which has no history is definable [Nietzsche] |
| 8200 | Aristotelian definitions aim to give the essential properties of the thing defined [Aristotle, by Quine] |
| 12145 | Definitions are of what something is, and that is universal [Aristotle] |
| 12384 | Definition by division needs predicates, which are well ordered and thorough [Aristotle] |
| 12075 | An Aristotelian definition is causal [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 9066 | You can define objects by progressively identifying what is the same and what is different [Aristotle] |
| 10944 | A definition must be of something primary [Aristotle] |
| 596 | Only substance [ousias] admits of definition [Aristotle] |
| 16107 | Sometimes parts must be mentioned in definitions of essence, and sometimes not [Aristotle] |
| 12360 | Definitions need the complex features of form, and don't need to mention the category [Aristotle, by Wedin] |
| 12279 | The differentia indicate the qualities, but not the essence [Aristotle] |
| 12289 | The genera and the differentiae are part of the essence [Aristotle] |
| 4385 | Aristotelian definition involves first stating the genus, then the differentia of the thing [Aristotle, by Urmson] |
| 12355 | 'Plane' is the genus of plane figures, and 'solid' of solids, with differentiae picking out types of corner [Aristotle] |
| 12352 | Whiteness can only belong to man because an individual like Callias happens to be white [Aristotle] |
| 11383 | A definition is of the universal and of the kind [Aristotle] |
| 10961 | Definition by division is into genus and differentiae [Aristotle] |
| 12356 | If the genus is just its constitutive forms (or matter), then the definition is the account of the differentiae [Aristotle] |
| 17040 | If I define you, I have to use terms which are all true of other things too [Aristotle] |
| 12353 | Species and genera are largely irrelevant in 'Metaphysics' [Aristotle, by Wedin] |
| 12081 | Aristotle's definitions are not unique, but apply to a range of individuals [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 12272 | We describe the essence of a particular thing by means of its differentiae [Aristotle] |
| 12283 | In definitions the first term to be assigned ought to be the genus [Aristotle] |
| 12261 | Differentia are generic, and belong with genus [Aristotle] |
| 12263 | 'Genus' is part of the essence shared among several things [Aristotle] |
| 12285 | The definition is peculiar to one thing, not common to many [Aristotle] |
| 12382 | What it is and why it is are the same; screening defines and explains an eclipse [Aristotle] |
| 12080 | Essence is not all the necessary properties, since these extend beyond the definition [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 11153 | A definition is an account of a what-it-was-to-be-that-thing [Aristotle] |
| 15770 | Some things cannot be defined, and only an analogy can be given [Aristotle] |
| 2898 | Anything which must first be proved is of little value [Nietzsche] |
| 574 | Not everything can be proven, because that would lead to an infinite regress [Aristotle] |
| 22529 | Men are natural leaders (apart from the unnatural ones) [Aristotle] |
| 22571 | 'If each is small, so too are all' is in one way false, for the whole composed of all is not small [Aristotle] |
| 11034 | The differentiae of genera which are different are themselves different in kind [Aristotle] |
| 10914 | Simple and essential truth seems to be given, with further truth arising in thinking [Aristotle] |
| 10916 | Truth is either intuiting a way of being, or a putting together [Aristotle] |
| 5728 | The concept of truth was originated by the senses [Lucretius] |
| 10913 | Truth is a matter of asserting correct combinations and separations [Aristotle] |
| 23199 | What is the search for truth if it isn't moral? [Nietzsche] |
| 14853 | Truth finds fewest champions not when it is dangerous, but when it is boring [Nietzsche] |
| 20380 | Why should truth be omnipotent? It is enough that it is very powerful [Nietzsche] |
| 24092 | I tell the truth, even if it is repulsive [Nietzsche] |
| 24082 | Is the will to truth the desire to avoid deception? [Nietzsche] |
| 11090 | Why do we want truth, rather than falsehood or ignorance? The value of truth is a problem [Nietzsche] |
| 23202 | Like all philosophers, I love truth [Nietzsche] |
| 23715 | Psychologists should be brave and proud, and prefer truth to desires, even when it is ugly [Nietzsche] |
| 20357 | Truth was given value by morality, but eventually turned against its own source [Nietzsche] |
| 23520 | Truth has had to be fought for, and normal life must be sacrificed to achieve it [Nietzsche] |
| 2914 | One must never ask whether truth is useful [Nietzsche] |
| 21356 | Piety requires us to honour truth above our friends [Aristotle] |
| 24114 | The pain in truth is when it destroys a belief [Nietzsche] |
| 20235 | Like animals, we seek truth because we want safety [Nietzsche] |
| 4534 | 'Truth' is the will to be master over the multiplicity of sensations [Nietzsche] |
| 575 | If one error is worse than another, it must be because it is further from the truth [Aristotle] |
| 24075 | Convictions, more than lies, are the great enemy of truth [Nietzsche] |
| 18305 | To love truth, you must know how to lie [Nietzsche] |
| 4548 | Only because there is thought is there untruth [Nietzsche] |
| 24104 | We don't create logic, time and space! The mind obeys laws because they are true [Nietzsche] |
| 5652 | True beliefs are those which augment one's power [Nietzsche, by Scruton] |
| 4508 | The truth is what gives us the minimum of spiritual effort, and avoids the exhaustion of lying [Nietzsche] |
| 15775 | Truth-thinking does not make it so; it being so is what makes it true [Aristotle] |
| 10915 | The truth or falsity of a belief will be in terms of something that is always this way not that [Aristotle] |
| 18367 | A true existence statement has its truth caused by the existence of the thing [Aristotle] |
| 1703 | It is necessary that either a sea-fight occurs tomorrow or it doesn't, though neither option is in itself necessary [Aristotle] |
| 35 | A statement is true if all the data are in harmony with it [Aristotle] |
| 1704 | Statements are true according to how things actually are [Aristotle] |
| 586 | Falsity says that which is isn't, and that which isn't is; truth says that which is is, and that which isn't isn't [Aristotle] |
| 19165 | Aristotle's truth formulation concerns referring parts of sentences, not sentences as wholes [Aristotle, by Davidson] |
| 4538 | Judgements can't be true and known in isolation; the only surety is in connections and relations [Nietzsche] |
| 22272 | Aristotle's later logic had to treat 'Socrates' as 'everything that is Socrates' [Potter on Aristotle] |
| 9405 | Square of Opposition: not both true, or not both false; one-way implication; opposite truth-values [Aristotle] |
| 22271 | Aristotle was the first to use schematic letters in logic [Aristotle, by Potter] |
| 11060 | Aristotelian syllogisms are three-part, subject-predicate, existentially committed, with laws of thought [Aristotle, by Hanna] |
| 18909 | Aristotelian sentences are made up by one of four 'formative' connectors [Aristotle, by Engelbretsen] |
| 8080 | Aristotelian identified 256 possible syllogisms, saying that 19 are valid [Aristotle, by Devlin] |
| 13912 | Aristotle replaced Plato's noun-verb form with unions of pairs of terms by one of four 'copulae' [Aristotle, by Engelbretsen/Sayward] |
| 8071 | Aristotle listed nineteen valid syllogisms (though a few of them were wrong) [Aristotle, by Devlin] |
| 13819 | Aristotle's said some Fs are G or some Fs are not G, forgetting that there might be no Fs [Bostock on Aristotle] |
| 1668 | An axiom is a principle which must be understood if one is to learn anything [Aristotle] |
| 562 | Axioms are the underlying principles of everything, and who but the philosopher can assess their truth? [Aristotle] |
| 573 | The axioms of mathematics are part of philosophy [Aristotle] |
| 9728 | Modal Square 1: □P and ¬◊¬P are 'contraries' of □¬P and ¬◊P [Aristotle, by Fitting/Mendelsohn] |
| 9729 | Modal Square 2: ¬□¬P and ◊P are 'subcontraries' of ¬□P and ◊¬P [Aristotle, by Fitting/Mendelsohn] |
| 9730 | Modal Square 3: □P and ¬◊¬P are 'contradictories' of ¬□P and ◊¬P [Aristotle, by Fitting/Mendelsohn] |
| 9731 | Modal Square 4: □¬P and ¬◊P are 'contradictories' of ¬□¬P and ◊P [Aristotle, by Fitting/Mendelsohn] |
| 9732 | Modal Square 5: □P and ¬◊¬P are 'subalternatives' of ¬□¬P and ◊P [Aristotle, by Fitting/Mendelsohn] |
| 9733 | Modal Square 6: □¬P and ¬◊P are 'subalternatives' of ¬□P and ◊¬P [Aristotle, by Fitting/Mendelsohn] |
| 9403 | There are three different deductions for actual terms, necessary terms and possible terms [Aristotle] |
| 13270 | Are a part and whole one or many? Either way, what is the cause? [Aristotle] |
| 13282 | Aristotle relativises the notion of wholeness to different measures [Aristotle, by Koslicki] |
| 14880 | Logic is just slavery to language [Nietzsche] |
| 7188 | Logic tries to understand the world according to a man-made scheme [Nietzsche] |
| 7145 | Logic is not driven by truth, but desire for a simple single viewpoint [Nietzsche] |
| 7144 | Logic must falsely assume that identical cases exist [Nietzsche] |
| 12376 | Demonstrations by reductio assume excluded middle [Aristotle] |
| 11033 | Predications of predicates are predications of their subjects [Aristotle] |
| 12373 | Something holds universally when it is proved of an arbitrary and primitive case [Aristotle] |
| 11148 | Deduction is when we suppose one thing, and another necessarily follows [Aristotle] |
| 23196 | Logic is a fiction, which invents the view that one thought causes another [Nietzsche] |
| 24137 | Mathematics is just accurate inferences from definitions, and doesn't involve objects [Nietzsche] |
| 21593 | In talking of future sea-fights, Aristotle rejects bivalence [Aristotle, by Williamson] |
| 22154 | For Aristotle bivalence is a feature of reality [Aristotle, by Boulter] |
| 1701 | A prayer is a sentence which is neither true nor false [Aristotle] |
| 12363 | Everything is either asserted or denied truly [Aristotle] |
| 4730 | For Aristotle, the subject-predicate structure of Greek reflected a substance-accident structure of reality [Aristotle, by O'Grady] |
| 18896 | Aristotle places terms at opposite ends, joined by a quantified copula [Aristotle, by Sommers] |
| 16967 | 'Are Coriscus and Callias at home?' sounds like a single question, but it isn't [Aristotle] |
| 3300 | Aristotle's logic is based on the subject/predicate distinction, which leads him to substances and properties [Aristotle, by Benardete,JA] |
| 11149 | Affirming/denying sentences are universal, particular, or indeterminate [Aristotle] |
| 8079 | Aristotelian logic has two quantifiers of the subject ('all' and 'some') [Aristotle, by Devlin] |
| 13004 | Aristotle's axioms (unlike Euclid's) are assumptions awaiting proof [Aristotle, by Leibniz] |
| 11264 | Aporia 3: Does one science investigate all being, or does each kind of being have a science? [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 11265 | Aporia 4: Does metaphysics just investigate pure being, or also the characteristics of being? [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 11270 | Aporia 9: Is there one principle, or one kind of principle? [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 11261 | Puzzles arise when reasoning seems equal on both sides [Aristotle] |
| 11258 | We must start with our puzzles, and progress by solving them, as they reveal the real difficulty [Aristotle] |
| 11271 | Aporia 10: Do perishables and imperishables have the same principle? [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 11262 | Aporia 1: is there one science of explanation, or many? [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 11263 | Aporia 2: Does one science investigate both ultimate and basic principles of being? [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 11266 | Aporia 5: Do other things exist besides what is perceptible by the senses? [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 11272 | Aporia 11: Are primary being and unity distinct, or only in the things that are? [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 11267 | Aporia 6: Are the basic principles of a thing the kinds to which it belongs, or its components? [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 11268 | Aporia 7: Is a thing's kind the most general one, or the most specific one? [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 11269 | Aporia 8: Are there general kinds, or merely particulars? [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 11276 | Aporia 15: Are the causes of things universals or particulars? [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 11275 | Aporia 14: Are ultimate causes of things potentialities, or must they be actual? [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 11273 | Aporia 12: Do mathematical entities exist independently, or only in objects? [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 11274 | Aporia 13: Are there kinds, as well as particulars and mathematical entities? [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 12377 | Mathematics is concerned with forms, not with superficial properties [Aristotle] |
| 560 | Mathematical precision is only possible in immaterial things [Aristotle] |
| 9076 | Mathematics studies the domain of perceptible entities, but its subject-matter is not perceptible [Aristotle] |
| 9790 | Geometry studies naturally occurring lines, but not as they occur in nature [Aristotle] |
| 12372 | The essence of a triangle comes from the line, mentioned in any account of triangles [Aristotle] |
| 10958 | Perhaps numbers are substances? [Aristotle] |
| 1729 | We perceive number by the denial of continuity [Aristotle] |
| 13273 | Pluralities divide into discontinous countables; magnitudes divide into continuous things [Aristotle] |
| 23186 | Numbers enable us to manage the world - to the limits of counting [Nietzsche] |
| 11044 | One is prior to two, because its existence is implied by two [Aristotle] |
| 22962 | Two is the least number, but there is no least magnitude, because it is always divisible [Aristotle] |
| 11042 | Parts of a line join at a point, so it is continuous [Aristotle] |
| 12074 | The one in number just is the particular [Aristotle] |
| 17859 | Units came about when the unequals were equalised [Aristotle] |
| 20361 | We need 'unities' for reckoning, but that does not mean they exist [Nietzsche] |
| 17844 | The unit is stipulated to be indivisible [Aristotle] |
| 17845 | If only rectilinear figures existed, then unity would be the triangle [Aristotle] |
| 12369 | A unit is what is quantitatively indivisible [Aristotle] |
| 12273 | Unit is the starting point of number [Aristotle] |
| 17861 | Two men do not make one thing, as well as themselves [Aristotle] |
| 646 | When we count, are we adding, or naming numbers? [Aristotle] |
| 18090 | Without infinity time has limits, magnitudes are indivisible, and numbers come to an end [Aristotle] |
| 22929 | Aristotle's infinity is a property of the counting process, that it has no natural limit [Aristotle, by Le Poidevin] |
| 13212 | Infinity is only potential, never actual [Aristotle] |
| 22930 | Lengths do not contain infinite parts; parts are created by acts of division [Aristotle, by Le Poidevin] |
| 18833 | A continuous line cannot be composed of indivisible points [Aristotle] |
| 17850 | Each many is just ones, and is measured by the one [Aristotle] |
| 11041 | Some quantities are discrete, like number, and others continuous, like lines, time and space [Aristotle] |
| 17851 | Number is plurality measured by unity [Aristotle] |
| 17843 | The idea of 'one' is the foundation of number [Aristotle] |
| 9793 | Mathematics studies abstracted relations, commensurability and proportion [Aristotle] |
| 13738 | It is a simple truth that the objects of mathematics have being, of some sort [Aristotle] |
| 12339 | Aristotle removes ontology from mathematics, and replaces the true with the beautiful [Aristotle, by Badiou] |
| 9974 | Ten sheep and ten dogs are the same numerically, but it is not the same ten [Aristotle] |
| 4533 | Logic and maths refer to fictitious entities which we have created [Nietzsche] |
| 13221 | Existence is either potential or actual [Aristotle] |
| 568 | Some things exist as substances, others as properties of substances [Aristotle] |
| 12348 | There are four kinds of being: incidental, per se, potential and actual, and being as truth [Aristotle, by Wedin] |
| 11194 | Being is either what falls in the categories, or what makes propositions true [Aristotle, by Aquinas] |
| 15776 | There is only being in a certain way, and without that way there is no being [Aristotle] |
| 611 | Being, taken simply as being, is the domain of philosophy [Aristotle] |
| 11288 | Things are predicated of the basic thing, which isn't predicated of anything else [Aristotle] |
| 20360 | We Germans value becoming and development more highly than mere being of what 'is' [Nietzsche] |
| 7079 | Nietzsche resists nihilism through new values, for a world of becoming, without worship [Nietzsche, by Critchley] |
| 20359 | The nature of being, of things, is much easier to understand than is becoming [Nietzsche] |
| 1706 | Non-existent things aren't made to exist by thought, because their non-existence is part of the thought [Aristotle] |
| 18317 | The 'real being' of things is a nothingness constructed from contradictions in the actual world [Nietzsche] |
| 11232 | Primary being ('proté ousia') exists in virtue of itself, not in relation to other things [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 11286 | Primary being must be more than mere indeterminate ultimate subject of predication [Politis on Aristotle] |
| 11234 | The three main candidates for primary being are particular, universal and essence; essence is the answer [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 11279 | Primary being is either universals, or the basis of predication, or essence [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 11293 | Non-primary beings lack essence, or only have a derived essence [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 11297 | Primary being is both the essence, and the subject of predication [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 566 | If nothing exists except individuals, how can there be a science of infinity? [Aristotle] |
| 16090 | Being must be understood with reference to one primary sense - the being of substance [Aristotle, by Gill,ML] |
| 570 | Nothing is added to a man's existence by saying he is 'one', or that 'he exists' [Aristotle] |
| 12061 | The primary subject seems to be substance, to the fullest extent [Aristotle] |
| 10946 | Existence requires thisness, as quantity or quality [Aristotle] |
| 16152 | Other types of being all depend on the being of substance [Aristotle] |
| 11295 | There is no being unless it is determinate and well-defined [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 13735 | Aristotle discusses fundamental units of being, rather than existence questions [Aristotle, by Schaffer,J] |
| 18315 | We get the concept of 'being' from the concept of the 'ego' [Nietzsche] |
| 24112 | To think about being we must have an opinion about what it is [Nietzsche] |
| 24131 | There is no 'being'; it is just the opposition to nothingness [Nietzsche] |
| 5105 | The incommensurability of the diagonal always exists, and so it is not in time [Aristotle] |
| 1707 | Maybe necessity and non-necessity are the first principles of ontology [Aristotle] |
| 16115 | Change is the implied actuality of that which exists potentially [Aristotle] |
| 22960 | The sophists thought a man in the Lyceum is different from that man in the marketplace [Aristotle] |
| 16100 | True change is in a thing's logos or its matter, not in its qualities [Aristotle] |
| 1700 | There are six kinds of change: generation, destruction, increase, diminution, alteration, change of place [Aristotle] |
| 16101 | A change in qualities is mere alteration, not true change [Aristotle] |
| 12133 | If the substratum persists, it is 'alteration'; if it doesn't, it is 'coming-to-be' or 'passing-away' [Aristotle] |
| 16118 | Nature is an active principle of change, like potentiality, but it is intrinsic to things [Aristotle] |
| 15768 | An actuality is usually thought to be a process [Aristotle] |
| 13213 | All comings-to-be are passings-away, and vice versa [Aristotle] |
| 23211 | Events are just interpretations of groups of appearances [Nietzsche] |
| 17262 | Aristotle's formal and material 'becauses' [aitiai] arguably involve grounding [Aristotle, by Correia/Schnieder] |
| 1699 | A thing is prior to another if it implies its existence [Aristotle] |
| 18366 | Of interdependent things, the prior one causes the other's existence [Aristotle] |
| 24057 | What is prior is always potentially present in what is next in order [Aristotle] |
| 11154 | Prior things can exist without posterior things, but not vice versa [Aristotle] |
| 14869 | If some sort of experience is at the root of matter, then human knowledge is close to its essence [Nietzsche] |
| 7153 | We can't be realists, because we don't know what being is [Nietzsche] |
| 12095 | Knowledge of potential is universal and indefinite; of the actual it is definite and of individuals [Aristotle] |
| 18316 | The grounds for an assertion that the world is only apparent actually establish its reality [Nietzsche] |
| 24151 | I only want thinking that is anchored in body, senses and earth [Nietzsche] |
| 20123 | First see nature as non-human, then fit ourselves into this view of nature [Nietzsche] |
| 11256 | Materialists cannot explain change [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 4525 | There are no facts in themselves, only interpretations [Nietzsche] |
| 4543 | There are no 'facts-in-themselves', since a sense must be projected into them to make them 'facts' [Nietzsche] |
| 11035 | There are ten basic categories for thinking about things [Aristotle] |
| 3311 | The categories (substance, quality, quantity, relation, action, passion, place, time) peter out inconsequentially [Benardete,JA on Aristotle] |
| 12267 | There are ten categories: essence, quantity, quality, relation, place, time, position, state, activity, passivity [Aristotle] |
| 12347 | The immediate divisions of that which is are genera, each with its science [Aristotle] |
| 13121 | Substance,Quantity,Quality,Relation,Place,Time,Being-in-a-position,Having,Doing,Being affected [Aristotle, by Westerhoff] |
| 16116 | Aristotle derived categories as answers to basic questions about nature, size, quality, location etc. [Aristotle, by Gill,ML] |
| 7174 | Categories are not metaphysical truths, but inventions in the service of needs [Nietzsche] |
| 7175 | Philosophers find it particularly hard to shake off belief in necessary categories [Nietzsche] |
| 4484 | Nihilism results from valuing the world by the 'categories of reason', because that is fiction [Nietzsche] |
| 16656 | The separation from here to there is not the same as the separation from there to here [Aristotle] |
| 21345 | Aristotle said relations are not substances, so (if they exist) they must be accidents [Aristotle, by Heil] |
| 7935 | There cannot be uninstantiated properties [Aristotle, by Macdonald,C] |
| 12282 | An individual property has to exist (in past, present or future) [Aristotle] |
| 16161 | Properties are just the ways in which forms are realised at various times [Aristotle, by Frede,M] |
| 15109 | The 'propriae' or 'necessary accidents' of a thing are separate, and derived from the essence [Aristotle, by Koslicki] |
| 17849 | For two things to differ in some respect, they must both possess that respect [Aristotle] |
| 16155 | Aristotle promoted the importance of properties and objects (rather than general and particular) [Aristotle, by Frede,M] |
| 12264 | An 'accident' is something which may possibly either belong or not belong to a thing [Aristotle] |
| 18910 | To seek truth, study the real connections between subjects and attributes [Aristotle] |
| 7686 | For Aristotle, there are only as many properties as actually exist [Aristotle, by Jacquette] |
| 11032 | Some things said 'of' a subject are not 'in' the subject [Aristotle] |
| 11038 | We call them secondary 'substances' because they reveal the primary substances [Aristotle] |
| 10947 | Whiteness can be explained without man, but femaleness cannot be explained without animal [Aristotle] |
| 16644 | The features of a thing (whether quality or quantity) are inseparable from their subjects [Aristotle] |
| 16739 | Four species of quality: states, capacities, affects, and forms [Aristotle, by Pasnau] |
| 10956 | If we only saw bronze circles, would bronze be part of the concept of a circle? [Aristotle] |
| 4546 | We realise that properties are sensations of the feeling subject, not part of the thing [Nietzsche] |
| 5117 | Heavy and light are defined by their tendency to move down or up [Aristotle] |
| 16113 | Potentiality is a principle of change, in another thing, or as another thing [Aristotle] |
| 16114 | Active 'dunamis' is best translated as 'power' or 'ability' (rather than 'potentiality') [Aristotle, by Gill,ML] |
| 20105 | Storms are wonderful expressions of free powers! [Nietzsche] |
| 15773 | Actualities are arranged by priority, going back to what initiates process [Aristotle] |
| 11387 | The main characteristic of the source of change is activity [energeia] [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 16752 | Sight is the essence of the eye, fitting its definition; the eye itself is just the matter [Aristotle] |
| 16753 | Giving the function of a house defines its actuality [Aristotle] |
| 4544 | A thing has no properties if it has no effect on other 'things' [Nietzsche] |
| 15780 | Potentiality in geometry is metaphorical [Aristotle] |
| 11938 | The Megarans say something is only capable of something when it is actually doing it [Aristotle] |
| 15766 | Megaran actualism is just scepticism about the qualities of things [Aristotle] |
| 15767 | Megaran actualists prevent anything from happening, by denying a capacity for it to happen! [Aristotle] |
| 11379 | Substance is not a universal, as the former is particular but a universal is shared [Aristotle] |
| 12096 | Universals are indeterminate and only known in potential, because they are general [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 1675 | Separate Forms aren't needed for logic, but universals (one holding of many) are essential [Aristotle] |
| 649 | The acquisition of scientific knowledge is impossible without universals [Aristotle] |
| 11037 | Colour must be in an individual body, or it is not embodied [Aristotle] |
| 12094 | No universals exist separately from particulars [Aristotle] |
| 10948 | Forms are said to be substances to which nothing is prior [Aristotle] |
| 16110 | If partaking explains unity, what causes participating, and what is participating? [Aristotle] |
| 633 | If you accept Forms, you must accept the more powerful principle of 'participating' in them [Aristotle] |
| 643 | How can the Forms both be the substance of things and exist separately from them? [Aristotle] |
| 647 | There is a confusion because Forms are said to be universal, but also some Forms are separable and particular [Aristotle] |
| 9483 | Forms have to be their own paradigms, which seems to fuse the paradigm and the copy [Aristotle] |
| 27 | Eternal white is no whiter than temporary white, and it is the same with goodness [Aristotle] |
| 5130 | It is meaningless to speak of 'man-himself', because it has the same definition as plain 'man' [Aristotle] |
| 16108 | If men exist by participating in two forms (Animal and Biped), they are plural, not unities [Aristotle] |
| 605 | The Forms have to be potentialities, not actual knowledge or movement [Aristotle] |
| 618 | There is no point at all in the theory of Forms unless it contains a principle that produces movement [Aristotle] |
| 640 | All attempts to prove the Forms are either invalid, or prove Forms where there aren't supposed to be any [Aristotle] |
| 641 | Are there forms for everything, or for negations, or for destroyed things? [Aristotle] |
| 4470 | Aristotle is not asserting facts about the location of properties, but about their ontological status [Aristotle, by Moreland] |
| 645 | If two is part of three then numbers aren't Forms, because they would all be intermingled [Aristotle] |
| 28 | How will a vision of pure goodness make someone a better doctor? [Aristotle] |
| 642 | What possible contribution can the Forms make to perceptible entities? [Aristotle] |
| 16145 | Predications only pick out kinds of things, not things in themselves [Aristotle] |
| 1677 | We can forget the Forms, as they are irrelevant, and not needed in giving demonstrations [Aristotle] |
| 5869 | The thesis of the Form of the Good (or of anything else) is verbal and vacuous [Aristotle] |
| 16154 | Aristotle gave up his earlier notion of individuals, because it relied on universals [Aristotle, by Frede,M] |
| 16158 | Form and matter may not make up a concrete particular, because there are also accidents like weight [Aristotle, by Frede,M] |
| 16086 | Objects lacking matter are intrinsic unities [Aristotle] |
| 10945 | Some philosophers say that in some qualified way non-existent things 'are' [Aristotle] |
| 11247 | To know a thing is to know its primary cause or explanation [Aristotle] |
| 12062 | Aristotle's form improves on being non-predicable as a way to identify a 'this' [Aristotle, by Wiggins] |
| 16160 | For Aristotle, things are not made individual by some essential distinguishing mark [Aristotle, by Frede,M] |
| 12351 | Genus and species are substances, because only they reveal the primary substance [Aristotle, by Wedin] |
| 12280 | Genus gives the essence better than the differentiae do [Aristotle] |
| 16156 | Individuals within a species differ in their matter, form and motivating cause [Aristotle] |
| 1687 | Why are being terrestrial and a biped combined in the definition of man, but being literate and musical aren't? [Aristotle] |
| 7189 | Maybe there are only subjects, and 'objects' result from relations between subjects [Nietzsche] |
| 18314 | In language we treat 'ego' as a substance, and it is thus that we create the concept 'thing' [Nietzsche] |
| 7207 | Counting needs unities, but that doesn't mean they exist; we borrowed it from the concept of 'I' [Nietzsche] |
| 17041 | Natural objects include animals and their parts, plants, and the simple elements [Aristotle] |
| 16163 | Aristotle says that the form is what makes an entity what it is [Aristotle, by Frede,M] |
| 590 | Things are one numerically in matter, formally in their account, generically in predicates, and by analogy in relations [Aristotle] |
| 10949 | Primary things just are what-it-is-to-be-that-thing [Aristotle] |
| 603 | How is man a unity of animal and biped, especially if the Forms of animal and of biped exist? [Aristotle] |
| 17838 | Things may be naturally unified because they involve an indivisible process [Aristotle] |
| 17841 | The formal cause may be what unifies a substance [Aristotle] |
| 17840 | A unity may just be a particular, a numerically indivisible thing [Aristotle] |
| 13272 | Things are one to the extent that they are indivisible [Aristotle] |
| 17842 | Indivisibility is the cause of unity, either in movement, or in the account or thought [Aristotle] |
| 17860 | Things are unified by contact, mixture and position [Aristotle] |
| 17839 | Some things are unified by their account, which rests on a unified thought about the thing [Aristotle] |
| 20362 | We saw unity in things because our ego seemed unified (but now we doubt the ego!) [Nietzsche] |
| 615 | The Pre-Socratics were studying the principles, elements and causes of substance [Aristotle] |
| 1694 | Substances have no opposites, and don't come in degrees (including if the substance is a man) [Aristotle] |
| 16172 | Substance is not predicated of anything - but it still has something underlying it, that originates it [Aristotle] |
| 16623 | We only infer underlying natures by analogy, observing bronze of a statue, or wood of a bed [Aristotle] |
| 16091 | Is primary substance just an ultimate subject, or some aspect of a complex body? [Aristotle, by Gill,ML] |
| 11231 | 'Ousia' is 'primary being' not 'primary substance' [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 11280 | Primary being is 'that which lies under', or 'particular substance' [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 12076 | Substance is prior in being separate, in definition, and in knowledge [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 11284 | It is wrong to translate 'ousia' as 'substance' [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 569 | If substance is the basis of reality, then philosophy aims to understand substance [Aristotle] |
| 24058 | The substance is the cause of a thing's being [Aristotle] |
| 11040 | A single substance can receive contrary properties [Aristotle] |
| 592 | The baffling question of what exists is asking about the nature of substance [Aristotle] |
| 599 | We may have to postulate unobservable and unknowable substances [Aristotle] |
| 16140 | Secondary substances do have subjects, so they are not ultimate in the ontology [Aristotle, by Frede,M] |
| 10965 | In earlier Aristotle the substances were particulars, not kinds [Aristotle, by Lawson-Tancred] |
| 1681 | Units are positionless substances, and points are substances with position [Aristotle] |
| 600 | Elements and physical objects are substances, but ideas and mathematics are not so clear [Aristotle] |
| 11036 | A 'primary' substance is in each subject, with species or genera as 'secondary' substances [Aristotle] |
| 16778 | Mature Aristotle sees organisms as the paradigm substances [Aristotle, by Pasnau] |
| 16084 | Is a primary substance a foundation of existence, or the last stage of understanding? [Aristotle, by Gill,ML] |
| 8287 | Earlier Aristotle had objects as primary substances, but later he switched to substantial form [Aristotle, by Lowe] |
| 12350 | Things are called 'substances' because they are subjects for everything else [Aristotle] |
| 11299 | Substance [ousia] is the subject of predication and cause [aitia?] of something's existence [Aristotle] |
| 12060 | Essence (fixed by definition) is also 'ousia', so 'ousia' is both ultimate subject, and a this-thing [Aristotle] |
| 10941 | A substance is what-it-is-to-be, or the universal, or the genus, or the subject of saying [Aristotle] |
| 595 | It is matter that turns out to be substance [ousia] [Aristotle] |
| 11290 | Matter is not substance, because substance needs separability and thisness [Aristotle] |
| 10959 | The substance is the form dwelling in the object [Aristotle] |
| 12093 | Substance is unified and universals are diverse, so universals are not substance [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 12362 | A thing's substance is its primary cause of being [Aristotle] |
| 11233 | In Aristotle, 'proté ousia' is 'primary being', and 'to hupokeimenon' is 'that which lies under' (or 'substance') [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 12079 | Substance is distinct being because of its unity [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 607 | None of the universals can be a substance [Aristotle] |
| 16085 | Primary matter and form make a unity, one in potentiality, the other in actuality [Aristotle] |
| 16174 | A nature is related to a substance as shapeless matter is to something which has a shape [Aristotle] |
| 16096 | Statues depend on their bronze, but bronze doesn't depend on statues [Aristotle, by Gill,ML] |
| 10951 | The statue is not called 'stone' but 'stoney' [Aristotle] |
| 24055 | Matter is potential, form is actual [Aristotle] |
| 16164 | Forms of sensible substances include unrealised possibilities, so are not fully actual [Aristotle, by Frede,M] |
| 17043 | Form, not matter, is a thing's nature, because it is actual, rather than potential [Aristotle] |
| 13276 | The unmoved mover and the soul show Aristotelian form as the ultimate mereological atom [Aristotle, by Koslicki] |
| 24040 | Scientists explain anger by the matter, dialecticians by the form and the account [Aristotle] |
| 12345 | In 'Metaphysics' Z substantial primacy (as form) is explanatory rather than ontological [Aristotle, by Wedin] |
| 16147 | In 'Metaphysics' substantial forms take over from objects as primary [Aristotle, by Frede,M] |
| 12071 | Essences are not properties (since those can't cause individual substances) [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 11251 | Plato says changing things have no essence; Aristotle disagrees [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 12084 | Essential form is neither accidental nor necessary to matter, so it appears not to be a property [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 16119 | Aristotle's cosmos is ordered by form, and disordered by matter [Aristotle, by Gill,ML] |
| 16148 | Aristotle moved from realism to nominalism about substances [Aristotle, by Frede,M] |
| 16112 | A substance is a proper subject because the matter is a property of the form, not vice versa [Aristotle, by Gill,ML] |
| 12002 | Aristotle doesn't think essential properties are those which must belong to a thing [Aristotle, by Kung] |
| 11285 | The form of a thing is its essence and its primary being [Aristotle] |
| 16095 | Some forms, such as the Prime Mover, are held by Aristotle to exist without matter [Aristotle, by Gill,ML] |
| 15853 | A true substance is constituted by some nature, which is a principle [Aristotle] |
| 16970 | A thing's form and purpose are often the same, and form can be the initiator of change too [Aristotle] |
| 13277 | The 'form' is the recipe for building wholes of a particular kind [Aristotle, by Koslicki] |
| 16109 | Things are a unity because there is no clash between potential matter and actual shape/form [Aristotle] |
| 16088 | Aristotle's solution to the problem of unity is that form is an active cause or potentiality or nature [Aristotle, by Gill,ML] |
| 16104 | Unity of the form is just unity of the definition [Aristotle] |
| 11255 | In feature-generation the matter (such as bronze) endures, but in generation it doesn't [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 12134 | Matter is the substratum, which supports both coming-to-be and alteration [Aristotle] |
| 12301 | Every distinct thing has matter, as long as it isn't an essence or a Form [Aristotle] |
| 16092 | In Aristotle, bronze only becomes 'matter' when it is potentially a statue [Aristotle, by Gill,ML] |
| 12300 | Aristotle's conception of matter applies to non-physical objects as well as physical objects [Aristotle, by Fine,K] |
| 12077 | Aristotle's matter is something that could be the inner origin of a natural being's behaviour [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 12103 | Matter is secondary, because it is potential, determined by the actuality of form [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 597 | Is there a house over and above its bricks? [Aristotle] |
| 16575 | Something must pre-exist any new production [Aristotle] |
| 10962 | It is unclear whether Aristotle believes in a propertyless subject, his 'ultimate matter' [Aristotle, by Lawson-Tancred] |
| 16142 | A substrate is either a 'this' supporting qualities, or 'matter' supporting actuality [Aristotle] |
| 16103 | A subject can't be nothing, so it must qualify as separate, and as having a distinct identity [Aristotle, by Gill,ML] |
| 10942 | If you extract all features of the object, what is left over? [Aristotle] |
| 13274 | The contents of an explanatory formula are parts of the whole [Aristotle] |
| 15852 | A 'whole' (rather than a mere 'sum') requires an internal order which distinguishes it [Aristotle] |
| 15840 | If a syllable is more than its elements, is the extra bit also an element? [Aristotle] |
| 9071 | We first sense whole entities, and then move to particular parts of it [Aristotle] |
| 16791 | There is no whole except for the parts [Aristotle] |
| 16136 | A syllable is something different from its component vowels and consonants [Aristotle] |
| 22525 | The whole is prior to its parts, because parts are defined by their role [Aristotle] |
| 13269 | In the case of a house the parts can exist without the whole, so parts are not the whole [Aristotle] |
| 12878 | Wholes are continuous, rigid, uniform, similar, same kind, similar matter [Aristotle, by Simons] |
| 11294 | Aristotle says changing, material things (and not just universals) have an essence [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 11298 | Are essences actually universals? [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 24089 | Essences are fictions needed for beings who represent things [Nietzsche] |
| 11199 | Aristotelian essence underlies behaviour, or underlies definition, or is the source of existence [Aristotle, by Aquinas] |
| 12304 | Aristotelian essence is retained with identity through change, and bases our scientific knowledge [Aristotle, by Copi] |
| 12099 | Aristotelian essences are causal, not classificatory [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 17846 | The essence of a single thing is the essence of a particular [Aristotle] |
| 11039 | A primary substance reveals a 'this', which is an individual unit [Aristotle] |
| 12311 | Particulars are not definable, because they fluctuate [Aristotle] |
| 12070 | Individual essences are not universals, since those can't be substances, or cause them [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 12069 | Essence is the cause of individual substance, and creates its unity [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 12088 | Aristotelian essence is not universal properties, but individual essence [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 11998 | Aristotle does not accept individual essences; essential properties are always general [Aristotle, by Kung] |
| 12083 | Aristotle's essence explains the existence of an individual substance, not its properties [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 11382 | Aristotle takes essence and form as a particular, not (as some claim) as a universal, the species [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 16097 | To be a subject a thing must be specifiable, with some essential properties [Aristotle, by Gill,ML] |
| 20376 | We begin with concepts of kinds, from individuals; but that is not the essence of individuals [Nietzsche] |
| 12284 | Everything that is has one single essence [Aristotle] |
| 11292 | Things have an essence if their explanation is a definition [Aristotle] |
| 11287 | Essence is what is stated in the definition [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 12091 | If definition is of universals, many individuals have no definition, and hence no essence [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 10963 | A thing's essence is what is mentioned in its definition [Aristotle, by Lawson-Tancred] |
| 12146 | Definitions recognise essences, so are not themselves essences [Aristotle] |
| 11188 | The Aristotelian view is that the essential properties are those that sort an object [Aristotle, by Marcus (Barcan)] |
| 11291 | A thing's essence is its intrinsic nature [Aristotle] |
| 12098 | An essence causes both its own unity and its kind [Aristotle] |
| 10964 | Having an essence is the criterion of being a substance [Aristotle, by Lawson-Tancred] |
| 12262 | An 'idion' belongs uniquely to a thing, but is not part of its essence [Aristotle] |
| 17039 | The predicates of a thing's nature are necessary to it [Aristotle] |
| 15107 | Aristotle doesn't see essential truths or essential properties as necessary [Aristotle, by Koslicki] |
| 16972 | The four explanations are the main aspects of a thing's nature [Aristotle, by Moravcsik] |
| 5084 | A thing's nature is what causes its changes and stability [Aristotle] |
| 12361 | Primary substances are ontological in 'Categories', and explanatory in 'Metaphysics' [Aristotle, by Wedin] |
| 11994 | Aristotelian essences are properties mentioned at the starting point of a science [Aristotle, by Kung] |
| 11244 | Metaphysics is the science of ultimate explanation, or of pure existence, or of primary existence [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 16143 | It is absurd that a this and a substance should be composed of a quality [Aristotle] |
| 16149 | Generic terms like 'man' are not substances, but qualities, relations, modes or some such thing [Aristotle] |
| 16106 | Generalities like man and horse are not substances, but universal composites of account and matter [Aristotle] |
| 16144 | Genera are not substances, and do not exist apart from the ingredient species [Aristotle] |
| 12359 | 'Categories' answers 'what?' with species, genus, differerentia; 'Met.' Z.17 seeks causal essence [Aristotle, by Wedin] |
| 12068 | Standardly, Aristotelian essences are taken to be universals of the species [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 16141 | In 'Met.' he says genera can't be substances or qualities, so aren't in the ontology [Aristotle, by Frede,M] |
| 16508 | Things are more unified if the unity comes from their own nature, not from external force [Aristotle] |
| 16117 | The hallmark of an artefact is that its active source of maintenance is external [Aristotle, by Gill,ML] |
| 12092 | Aristotle claims that the individual is epistemologically prior to the universal [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 12090 | Actual knowledge is of the individual, and potential knowledge of the universal [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 7161 | The essence of a thing is only an opinion about the 'thing' [Nietzsche] |
| 16173 | Coming to be is by shape-change, addition, subtraction, composition or alteration [Aristotle] |
| 17042 | Natural things are their own source of stability through change [Aristotle] |
| 16159 | For animate things, only the form, not the matter or properties, must persist through change [Aristotle, by Frede,M] |
| 16691 | A day, or the games, has one thing after another, actually and potentially occurring [Aristotle] |
| 16572 | Does the pure 'this' come to be, or the 'this-such', or 'so-great', or 'somewhere'? [Aristotle] |
| 16573 | Philosophers have worried about coming-to-be from nothing pre-existing [Aristotle] |
| 13214 | The substratum changing to a contrary is the material cause of coming-to-be [Aristotle] |
| 13215 | If a perceptible substratum persists, it is 'alteration'; coming-to-be is a complete change [Aristotle] |
| 16574 | Coming-to-be may be from nothing in a qualified way, as arising from an absence [Aristotle] |
| 12290 | Destruction is dissolution of essence [Aristotle] |
| 12286 | If two things are the same, they must have the same source and origin [Aristotle] |
| 11378 | How a thing is generated does not explain its essence [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 12101 | Aristotle wants definition, not identity, so origin is not essential to him [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 11380 | Two things with the same primary being and essence are one thing [Aristotle] |
| 17848 | Things such as two different quadrangles are alike but not wholly the same [Aristotle] |
| 3315 | Aristotle denigrates the category of relation, but for modern absolutists self-relation is basic [Benardete,JA on Aristotle] |
| 16134 | We can't understand self-identity without a prior grasp of the object [Aristotle] |
| 17847 | You are one with yourself in form and matter [Aristotle] |
| 11840 | Only if two things are identical do they have the same attributes [Aristotle] |
| 12266 | 'Same' is mainly for names or definitions, but also for propria, and for accidents [Aristotle] |
| 12287 | Two identical things have the same accidents, they are the same; if the accidents differ, they're different [Aristotle] |
| 12288 | Numerical sameness and generic sameness are not the same [Aristotle] |
| 24077 | Necessity is thought to require an event, but is only an after-effect of the event [Nietzsche] |
| 12381 | What is necessary cannot be otherwise [Aristotle] |
| 12611 | Necessity makes alternatives impossible [Aristotle] |
| 7134 | Something can be irrefutable; that doesn't make it true [Nietzsche] |
| 1690 | A stone travels upwards by a forced necessity, and downwards by natural necessity [Aristotle] |
| 14641 | A deduction is necessary if the major (but not the minor) premise is also necessary [Aristotle] |
| 12259 | Reasoning is when some results follow necessarily from certain claims [Aristotle] |
| 17852 | A thing has a feature necessarily if its denial brings a contradiction [Aristotle] |
| 4528 | For me, a priori 'truths' are just provisional assumptions [Nietzsche] |
| 7186 | There are no necessary truths, but something must be held to be true [Nietzsche] |
| 15779 | Possibility is when the necessity of the contrary is false [Aristotle] |
| 15769 | Anything which is possible either exists or will come into existence [Aristotle] |
| 22518 | The actual must be possible, because it occurred [Aristotle] |
| 15774 | We recognise potentiality from actuality [Aristotle] |
| 11254 | Matter is potentiality [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 14544 | Potentialities are always for action, but are conditional on circumstances [Aristotle] |
| 15777 | A 'potentiality' is a principle of change or process in a thing [Aristotle] |
| 15778 | Things are destroyed not by their powers, but by their lack of them [Aristotle] |
| 13108 | Chance is a coincidental cause among events involving purpose and choice [Aristotle] |
| 13110 | Intrinsic cause is prior to coincidence, so nature and intelligence are primary causes, chance secondary [Aristotle] |
| 13106 | Maybe there is no pure chance; a man's choices cause his chance meetings [Aristotle] |
| 22505 | The two right angles of a triangle necessitate that a quadrilateral has four [Aristotle] |
| 12612 | Some things have external causes of their necessity; others (the simple) generate necessities [Aristotle] |
| 15108 | Aristotle's says necessary truths are distinct and derive from essential truths [Aristotle, by Koslicki] |
| 12072 | For Aristotle knowledge is explanatory, involving understanding, and principles or causes [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 12073 | 'Episteme' means grasping causes, universal judgments, explanation, and teaching [Aristotle, by Witt] |
| 12378 | The reason why is the key to knowledge [Aristotle] |
| 547 | The ability to teach is a mark of true knowledge [Aristotle] |
| 20126 | The strength of knowledge is not its truth, but its entrenchment in our culture [Nietzsche] |
| 4537 | We can't know whether there is knowledge if we don't know what it is [Nietzsche] |
| 5991 | For Aristotle, knowledge is of causes, and is theoretical, practical or productive [Aristotle, by Code] |
| 12366 | We only understand something when we know its explanation [Aristotle] |
| 12370 | Some understanding, of immediate items, is indemonstrable [Aristotle] |
| 22513 | Knowing is having knowledge; understanding is using knowledge [Aristotle] |
| 12364 | We understand a thing when we know its explanation and its necessity [Aristotle] |
| 24150 | We can only understand through concepts, which subsume particulars in generalities [Nietzsche] |
| 22587 | Understanding is the aim of our nature [Aristotle] |
| 20258 | Most people treat knowledge as a private possession [Nietzsche] |
| 14875 | Belief matters more than knowledge, and only begins when knowledge ceases [Nietzsche] |
| 4485 | Every belief is a considering-something-true [Nietzsche] |
| 1685 | No one has mere belief about something if they think it HAS to be true [Aristotle] |
| 4391 | Opinion is praised for being in accordance with truth [Aristotle] |
| 4421 | Philosophers have never asked why there is a will to truth in the first place [Nietzsche] |
| 544 | Experience knows particulars, but only skill knows universals [Aristotle] |
| 10950 | Things are produced from skill if the form of them is in the mind [Aristotle] |
| 546 | It takes skill to know causes, not experience [Aristotle] |
| 7154 | We can't use our own self to criticise our own capacity for knowledge! [Nietzsche] |
| 14858 | Being certain presumes that there are absolute truths, and means of arriving at them [Nietzsche] |
| 4487 | A note for asses: What convinces is not necessarily true - it is merely convincing [Nietzsche] |
| 1673 | Knowledge proceeds from principles, so it is hard to know if we know [Aristotle] |
| 2573 | To perceive or think is to be conscious of our existence [Aristotle] |
| 7146 | Belief in the body is better established than belief in the mind [Nietzsche] |
| 23201 | The 'I' does not think; it is a construction of thinking, like other useful abstractions [Nietzsche] |
| 14866 | It always remains possible that the world just is the way it appears [Nietzsche] |
| 23207 | Appearance is the sole reality of things, to which all predicates refer [Nietzsche] |
| 11239 | The notion of a priori truth is absent in Aristotle [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 5051 | The intellect has potential to think, like a tablet on which nothing has yet been written [Aristotle] |
| 4539 | The forms of 'knowledge' about logic which precede experience are actually regulations of belief [Nietzsche] |
| 24138 | Strongly believed a priori is not certain; it may just be a feature of our existence [Nietzsche] |
| 1730 | Why do we have many senses, and not just one? [Aristotle] |
| 20119 | We became increasingly conscious of our sense impressions in order to communicate them [Nietzsche] |
| 4529 | All sense perceptions are permeated with value judgements (useful or harmful) [Nietzsche] |
| 1724 | Perception necessitates pleasure and pain, which necessitates appetite [Aristotle] |
| 1725 | Why can't we sense the senses? And why do senses need stimuli? [Aristotle] |
| 17711 | Our minds take on the form of what is being perceived [Aristotle, by Mares] |
| 16723 | Perception of sensible objects is virtually never wrong [Aristotle] |
| 12379 | You cannot understand anything through perception [Aristotle] |
| 1732 | Sense organs aren't the end of sensation, or they would know what does the sensing [Aristotle] |
| 16717 | Which of the contrary features of a body are basic to it? [Aristotle] |
| 1728 | Many objects of sensation are common to all the senses [Aristotle] |
| 1727 | Some objects of sensation are unique to one sense, where deception is impossible [Aristotle] |
| 16725 | Some knowledge is lost if you lose a sense, and there is no way the knowledge can be replaced [Aristotle] |
| 1734 | In moral thought images are essential, to be pursued or avoided [Aristotle] |
| 7156 | Sense perceptions contain values (useful, so pleasant) [Nietzsche] |
| 7181 | Pain shows the value of the damage, not what has been damaged [Nietzsche] |
| 7129 | Perception is unconscious, and we are only conscious of processed perceptions [Nietzsche] |
| 2878 | We see an approximation of a tree, not the full detail [Nietzsche] |
| 5220 | Particular facts (such as 'is it cooked?') are matters of sense-perception, not deliberation [Aristotle] |
| 18309 | The evidence of the senses is falsified by reason [Nietzsche] |
| 24130 | An affirmative belief is present in every basic sense impression [Nietzsche] |
| 1726 | We may think when we wish, but not perceive, because universals are within the mind [Aristotle] |
| 23312 | Aristotle is a rationalist, but reason is slowly acquired through perception and experience [Aristotle, by Frede,M] |
| 543 | All men long to understand, as shown by their delight in the senses [Aristotle] |
| 5729 | If the senses are deceptive, reason, which rests on them, is even worse [Lucretius] |
| 5702 | The senses are much the best way to distinguish true from false [Lucretius] |
| 23309 | Aristotle's concepts of understanding and explanation mean he is not a pure empiricist [Aristotle, by Frede,M] |
| 4532 | We can have two opposite sensations, like hard and soft, at the same time [Nietzsche] |
| 1693 | Animals may have some knowledge if they retain perception, but understanding requires reasons to be given [Aristotle] |
| 22141 | It is enough if we refute the objections and leave common opinions undisturbed [Aristotle] |
| 95 | If everyone believes it, it is true [Aristotle] |
| 79 | Intuition grasps the definitions that can't be proved [Aristotle] |
| 16111 | Aristotle wants to fit common intuitions, and therefore uses language as a guide [Aristotle, by Gill,ML] |
| 14830 | Intuition only recognises what is possible, not what exists or is certain [Nietzsche] |
| 24115 | There is no proof that we forget things - only that we can't recall [Nietzsche] |
| 23197 | Memory is essential, and is only possible by means of abbreviation signs [Nietzsche] |
| 23719 | Forgetfulness is a strong positive ability, not mental laziness [Nietzsche] |
| 9067 | Many memories of the same item form a single experience [Aristotle] |
| 20250 | We may be unable to remember, but we may never actually forget [Nietzsche] |
| 8331 | To know something we need understanding, which is grasp of the primary cause [Aristotle] |
| 1671 | Sceptics say justification is an infinite regress, or it stops at the unknowable [Aristotle] |
| 20122 | We have no organ for knowledge or truth; we only 'know' what is useful to the human herd [Nietzsche] |
| 20140 | We shouldn't object to a false judgement, if it enhances and preserves life [Nietzsche] |
| 1670 | When you understand basics, you can't be persuaded to change your mind [Aristotle] |
| 5697 | The only possible standard for settling doubts is the foundation of the senses [Lucretius] |
| 583 | The starting point of a proof is not a proof [Aristotle] |
| 23206 | Schematic minds think thoughts are truer if they slot into a scheme [Nietzsche] |
| 14872 | Our knowledge is illogical, because it rests on false identities between things [Nietzsche] |
| 14879 | The most extreme scepticism is when you even give up logic [Nietzsche] |
| 5727 | Most supposed delusions of the senses are really misinterpretations by the mind [Lucretius] |
| 581 | Dreams aren't a serious problem. No one starts walking round Athens next morning, having dreamt that they were there! [Aristotle] |
| 4423 | We assume causes, geometry, motion, bodies etc to live, but they haven't been proved [Nietzsche] |
| 24124 | We now have innumerable perspectives to draw on [Nietzsche] |
| 23209 | Each of our personal drives has its own perspective [Nietzsche] |
| 4420 | There is only 'perspective' seeing and knowing, and so the best objectivity is multiple points of view [Nietzsche] |
| 4486 | The extreme view is there are only perspectives, no true beliefs, because there is no true world [Nietzsche] |
| 6579 | Nietzsche's perspectivism says our worldview depends on our personality [Nietzsche, by Fogelin] |
| 24083 | It would be absurd to say we are only permitted our own single perspective [Nietzsche] |
| 7149 | Comprehending everything is impossible, because it abolishes perspectives [Nietzsche] |
| 7169 | Is the perspectival part of the essence, or just a relation between beings? [Nietzsche] |
| 7182 | 'Perspectivism': the world has no meaning, but various interpretations give it countless meanings [Nietzsche] |
| 7183 | 'Subjectivity' is an interpretation, since subjects (and interpreters) are fictions [Nietzsche] |
| 7133 | There are different eyes, so different 'truths', so there is no truth [Nietzsche] |
| 585 | If relativism is individual, how can something look sweet and not taste it, or look different to our two eyes? [Aristotle] |
| 584 | If truth is relative it is relational, and concerns appearances relative to a situation [Aristotle] |
| 2877 | Morality becomes a problem when we compare many moralities [Nietzsche] |
| 576 | If the majority had diseased taste, and only a few were healthy, relativists would have to prefer the former [Aristotle] |
| 12371 | A demonstration is a deduction which proceeds from necessities [Aristotle] |
| 1691 | Aim to get definitions of the primitive components, thus establishing the kind, and work towards the attributes [Aristotle] |
| 12383 | There must be definitions before demonstration is possible [Aristotle] |
| 12309 | There cannot be a science of accidentals, but only of general truths [Aristotle] |
| 11386 | Demonstrations about particulars must be about everything of that type [Aristotle] |
| 12147 | The principles of demonstrations are definitions [Aristotle] |
| 24048 | Demonstrations move from starting-points to deduced conclusions [Aristotle] |
| 16647 | Demonstration starts from a definition of essence, so we can derive (or conjecture about) the properties [Aristotle] |
| 24068 | Demonstration is more than entailment, as the explanatory order must match the causal order [Aristotle, by Koslicki] |
| 17310 | Aristotle gets asymmetric consequence from demonstration, which reflects real causal priority [Aristotle, by Koslicki] |
| 21359 | Aristotle doesn't actually apply his theory of demonstration to his practical science [Leroi on Aristotle] |
| 12365 | We can know by demonstration, which is a scientific deduction leading to understanding [Aristotle] |
| 1667 | Premises must be true, primitive and immediate, and prior to and explanatory of conclusions [Aristotle] |
| 10918 | Demonstrative understanding rests on necessary features of the thing in itself [Aristotle] |
| 12374 | Demonstrations must be necessary, and that depends on the middle term [Aristotle] |
| 12148 | Demonstrations are syllogisms which give explanations [Aristotle] |
| 1680 | Demonstration is better with fewer presuppositions, and it is quicker if these are familiar [Aristotle] |
| 1674 | All demonstration is concerned with existence, axioms and properties [Aristotle] |
| 1679 | Universal demonstrations are about thought; particular demonstrations lead to perceptions [Aristotle] |
| 5862 | A single counterexample is enough to prove that a truth is not necessary [Aristotle] |
| 16971 | Plato says sciences are unified around Forms; Aristotle says they're unified around substance [Aristotle, by Moravcsik] |
| 20270 | There is no one scientific method; we must try many approaches, and many emotions [Nietzsche] |
| 5854 | Nobody fears a disease which nobody has yet caught [Aristotle] |
| 5714 | Even simple facts are hard to believe at first hearing [Lucretius] |
| 12271 | Induction is the progress from particulars to universals [Aristotle] |
| 1683 | We learn universals from many particulars [Aristotle] |
| 12293 | We say 'so in cases of this kind', but how do you decide what is 'of this kind'? [Aristotle] |
| 11243 | Aristotelian explanations are facts, while modern explanations depend on human conceptions [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 12385 | Are particulars explained more by universals, or by other particulars? [Aristotle] |
| 11385 | Universal principles are not primary beings, but particular principles are not universally knowable [Aristotle] |
| 12380 | Universals are valuable because they make the explanations plain [Aristotle] |
| 12367 | What is most universal is furthest away, and the particulars are nearest [Aristotle] |
| 1686 | What we seek and understand are facts, reasons, existence, and identity [Aristotle] |
| 5080 | We know a thing if we grasp its first causes, principles and basic elements [Aristotle] |
| 1689 | Explanation is of the status of a thing, inferences to it, initiation of change, and purpose [Aristotle] |
| 11289 | Understanding moves from the less to the more intelligible [Aristotle] |
| 7139 | Explanation is just showing the succession of things ever more clearly [Nietzsche] |
| 16969 | Science refers the question Why? to four causes/explanations: matter, form, source, purpose [Aristotle] |
| 11250 | Four Explanations: the essence and form; the matter; the source; and the end [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 12045 | Aristotle's four 'causes' are four items which figure in basic explanations of nature [Aristotle, by Annas] |
| 16968 | There are as many causes/explanations as there are different types of why-question [Aristotle] |
| 11246 | Aristotelian explanations mainly divide things into natural kinds [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 3320 | Aristotle's standard analysis of species and genus involves specifying things in terms of something more general [Aristotle, by Benardete,JA] |
| 12357 | Explanation and generality are inseparable [Aristotle, by Wedin] |
| 13109 | Chance is inexplicable, because we can only explain what happens always or usually [Aristotle] |
| 22522 | To grasp something, trace it back to its natural origins [Aristotle] |
| 1669 | The foundation or source is stronger than the thing it causes [Aristotle] |
| 15119 | Aristotelian explanation by essence may need to draw on knowledge of other essences [Aristotle, by Koslicki] |
| 22524 | The nature of each thing is its mature state [Aristotle] |
| 12000 | Aristotle regularly says that essential properties explain other significant properties [Aristotle, by Kung] |
| 16646 | To understand a triangle summing to two right angles, we need to know the essence of a line [Aristotle] |
| 16135 | Real enquiries seek causes, and causes are essences [Aristotle] |
| 11384 | We know something when we fully know what it is, not just its quality, quantity or location [Aristotle] |
| 16105 | We know a thing when we grasp its essence [Aristotle] |
| 11296 | The explanation is what gives matter its state, which is the form, which is the substance [Aristotle] |
| 11999 | Essential properties explain in conjunction with properties shared by the same kind [Aristotle, by Kung] |
| 1678 | Universals give better explanations, because they are self-explanatory and primitive [Aristotle] |
| 14873 | If we find a hypothesis that explains many things, we conclude that it explains everything [Nietzsche] |
| 18323 | Any explanation will be accepted as true if it gives pleasure and a feeling of power [Nietzsche] |
| 23184 | The mind is a simplifying apparatus [Nietzsche] |
| 7131 | The intellect and senses are a simplifying apparatus [Nietzsche] |
| 1714 | Mind involves movement, perception, incorporeality [Aristotle] |
| 5718 | The mind is in the middle of the breast, because there we experience fear and joy [Lucretius] |
| 5717 | The mind is a part of a man, just like a hand or an eye [Lucretius] |
| 5146 | Everything that receives nourishment has a vegetative soul, with it own distinctive excellence [Aristotle] |
| 5147 | In a controlled person the receptive part of the soul is obedient, and it is in harmony in the virtuous [Aristotle] |
| 5148 | The irrational psuché is persuadable by reason - shown by our criticism and encouragement of people [Aristotle] |
| 5232 | If beings are dominated by appetite, this can increase so much that it drives out reason [Aristotle] |
| 5507 | Aristotle led to the view that there are several souls, all somewhat physical [Aristotle, by Martin/Barresi] |
| 24051 | Soul is seen as what moves, or what is least physical, or a combination of elements [Aristotle] |
| 12086 | Psuché is the form and actuality of a body which potentially has life [Aristotle] |
| 16754 | The soul is the cause or source of movement, the essence of body, and its end [Aristotle] |
| 7130 | Unity is not in the conscious 'I', but in the organism, which uses the self as a tool [Nietzsche] |
| 4536 | It is a major blunder to think of consciousness as a unity, and hence as an entity, a thing [Nietzsche] |
| 24046 | Understanding is impossible, if it involves the understanding having parts [Aristotle] |
| 5145 | The rational and irrational parts of the soul are either truly separate, or merely described that way [Aristotle] |
| 1717 | If the soul is composed of many physical parts, it can't be a true unity [Aristotle] |
| 24053 | If a soul have parts, what unites them? [Aristotle] |
| 1721 | What unifies the soul would have to be a super-soul, which seems absurd [Aristotle] |
| 21387 | The separate elements and capacities of a mind cannot be distinguished [Lucretius] |
| 24090 | Our inclinations would not conflict if we were a unity; we imagine unity for our multiplicity [Nietzsche] |
| 7152 | With protoplasm ½+½=2, so the soul is not an indivisible monad [Nietzsche] |
| 1735 | In a way the soul is everything which exists, through its perceptions and thoughts [Aristotle] |
| 23218 | The brain has no responsibility for sensations, which occur in the heart [Aristotle] |
| 20115 | All of our normal mental life could be conducted without consciousness [Nietzsche] |
| 20117 | Only the need for communication has led to consciousness developing [Nietzsche] |
| 7155 | Consciousness exists to the extent that consciousness is useful [Nietzsche] |
| 7143 | Consciousness is a 'tool' - just as the stomach is a tool [Nietzsche] |
| 20118 | Only our conscious thought is verbal, and this shows the origin of consciousness [Nietzsche] |
| 23190 | Consciousness is our awareness of our own mental life [Nietzsche] |
| 20116 | Most of our lives, even the important parts, take place outside of consciousness [Nietzsche] |
| 20120 | Whatever moves into consciousness becomes thereby much more superficial [Nietzsche] |
| 23906 | Courage from spirit is natural and unconquerable, as seen in the young [Aristotle] |
| 20204 | Whether the mind has parts is irrelevant, since it obviously has distinct capacities [Aristotle] |
| 14868 | Our primary faculty is perception of structure, as when looking in a mirror [Nietzsche] |
| 24145 | Mind is a mechanism of abstraction and simplification, aimed at control [Nietzsche] |
| 23191 | Minds have an excluding drive to scare things off, and a selecting one to filter facts [Nietzsche] |
| 24061 | If we divide the mind up according to its capacities, there are a lot of them [Aristotle] |
| 24062 | Self-moving animals must have desires, and that entails having imagination [Aristotle] |
| 20363 | Leaves are unequal, but we form the concept 'leaf' by discarding their individual differences [Nietzsche] |
| 18911 | Linguistic terms form a hierarchy, with higher terms predicable of increasing numbers of things [Aristotle, by Engelbretsen] |
| 9068 | Perception creates primitive immediate principles by building a series of firm concepts [Aristotle] |
| 9069 | A perception lodging in the soul creates a primitive universal, which becomes generalised [Aristotle] |
| 9088 | Skill comes from a general assumption obtained from thinking about similar things [Aristotle] |
| 16153 | Aristotle distinguishes two different sorts of generality - kinds, and properties [Aristotle, by Frede,M] |
| 18310 | The 'highest' concepts are the most general and empty concepts [Nietzsche] |
| 9791 | Science is more accurate when it is prior and simpler, especially without magnitude or movement [Aristotle] |
| 14870 | We experience causation between willing and acting, and thereby explain conjunctions of changes [Nietzsche] |
| 20131 | We can cultivate our drives, of anger, pity, curiosity, vanity, like a gardener, with good or bad taste [Nietzsche] |
| 23213 | The greatest drive of life is to discharge strength, rather than preservation [Nietzsche] |
| 20355 | The ranking of a person's innermost drives reveals their true nature [Nietzsche] |
| 22528 | The nature of all animate things is to have one part which rules it [Aristotle] |
| 20757 | The powerful self behind your thoughts and feelings is your body [Nietzsche] |
| 20378 | Just as skin hides the horrors of the body, vanity conceals the passions of the soul [Nietzsche] |
| 20242 | Things are the boundaries of humanity, so all things must be known, for self-knowledge [Nietzsche] |
| 20249 | Our knowledge of the many drives that constitute us is hopelessly incomplete [Nietzsche] |
| 4551 | Great self-examination is to become conscious of oneself not as an individual, but as mankind [Nietzsche] |
| 2932 | 'Know thyself' is impossible and ridiculous [Nietzsche] |
| 24144 | A cognitive mechanism wanting to know itself is absurd! [Nietzsche] |
| 7157 | We think each thought causes the next, unaware of the hidden struggle beneath [Nietzsche] |
| 571 | Is Socrates the same person when standing and when seated? [Aristotle] |
| 18289 | Forget the word 'I'; 'I' is performed by the intelligence of your body [Nietzsche] |
| 5266 | It would seem that the thinking part is the individual self [Aristotle] |
| 24139 | A 'person' is just one possible abstraction from a bundle of qualities [Nietzsche] |
| 20368 | There are no 'individual' persons; we are each the sum of humanity up to this moment [Nietzsche] |
| 24099 | We contain many minds, which fight for the 'I' of the mind [Nietzsche] |
| 7148 | The 'I' is a conceptual synthesis, not the governor of our being [Nietzsche] |
| 7138 | The 'I' is a fiction used to make the world of becoming 'knowable' [Nietzsche] |
| 4527 | Perhaps we are not single subjects, but a multiplicity of 'cells', interacting to create thought [Nietzsche] |
| 8007 | Aristotle never discusses free will [Aristotle, by MacIntyre] |
| 12961 | For an action to be 'free', it must be deliberate as well as unconstrained [Aristotle, by Leibniz] |
| 4118 | A human being fathers his own actions as he fathers his children [Aristotle] |
| 5709 | The actions of the mind are not determinate and passive, because atoms can swerve [Lucretius] |
| 22506 | A man is the cause of what is within his power, and what he causes is in his power [Aristotle] |
| 22504 | Only a human being can be a starting point for an action [Aristotle] |
| 2871 | Wanting 'freedom of will' is wanting to pull oneself into existence out of the swamp of nothingness by one's own hair [Nietzsche] |
| 2291 | A thought comes when 'it' wants, not when 'I' want [Nietzsche] |
| 20192 | Aristotle assesses whether people are responsible, and if they are it was voluntary [Aristotle, by Zagzebski] |
| 7135 | 'Freedom of will' is the feeling of having a dominating force [Nietzsche] |
| 4414 | Philosophers invented "free will" so that our virtues would be permanently interesting to the gods [Nietzsche] |
| 20231 | People used to think that outcomes were from God, rather than consequences of acts [Nietzsche] |
| 23210 | That all events are necessary does not mean they are compelled [Nietzsche] |
| 24133 | I have perfected fatalism, as recurrence and denial of the will [Nietzsche] |
| 24152 | Fate is inspiring, if you understand you are part of it [Nietzsche] |
| 1710 | Emotion involves the body, thinking uses the mind, imagination hovers between them [Aristotle] |
| 24039 | All the emotions seem to involve the body, simultaneously with the feeling [Aristotle] |
| 5695 | Only bodies can touch one another [Lucretius] |
| 24056 | The soul (or parts of it) is not separable from the body [Aristotle] |
| 5711 | The earth is and always has been an insentient being [Lucretius] |
| 5712 | Particles may have sensation, but eggs turning into chicks suggests otherwise [Lucretius] |
| 20374 | Consciousness is a terminal phenomenon, and causes nothing [Nietzsche] |
| 24050 | If soul is separate from body, why does it die when the body dies? [Aristotle] |
| 24049 | Thinkers place the soul within the body, but never explain how they are attached [Aristotle] |
| 1514 | Early thinkers concentrate on the soul but ignore the body, as if it didn't matter what body received the soul [Aristotle] |
| 14867 | It is just madness to think that the mind is supernatural (or even divine!) [Nietzsche] |
| 2683 | Aristotle has a problem fitting his separate reason into the soul, which is said to be the form of the body [Ackrill on Aristotle] |
| 1718 | Does the mind think or pity, or does the whole man do these things? [Aristotle] |
| 13275 | The soul and the body are inseparable, like the imprint in some wax [Aristotle] |
| 5719 | The mind moves limbs, wakes the body up, changes facial expressions, which involve touch [Lucretius] |
| 5724 | Lions, foxes and deer have distinct characters because their minds share in their bodies [Lucretius] |
| 5713 | You needn't be made of laughing particles to laugh, so why not sensation from senseless seeds? [Lucretius] |
| 4419 | People who think in words are orators rather than thinkers, and think about facts instead of thinking facts [Nietzsche] |
| 1733 | Thinking is not perceiving, but takes the form of imagination and speculation [Aristotle] |
| 24102 | Thoughts are signs (just as words are) [Nietzsche] |
| 4405 | The attainment of truth is the task of the intellectual part of the soul [Aristotle] |
| 24078 | Thoughts cannot be fully reproduced in words [Nietzsche] |
| 23938 | Passions are ranked, as if they are non-rational and animal pleasure seeking [Nietzsche] |
| 22510 | Some emotional states are too strong for human nature [Aristotle] |
| 23939 | We fail to see that reason is a network of passions, and every passion contains some reason [Nietzsche] |
| 5160 | There is a mean of feelings, as in our responses to the good or bad fortune of others [Aristotle] |
| 23913 | Nearly all the good and bad states of character are concerned with feelings [Aristotle] |
| 4326 | Aristotle gives a superior account of rationality, because he allows emotions to participate [Hursthouse on Aristotle] |
| 7171 | Rationality is a scheme we cannot cast away [Nietzsche] |
| 24081 | Most of our intellectual activity is unconscious [Nietzsche] |
| 72 | Assume our reason is in two parts, one for permanent first principles, and one for variable things [Aristotle] |
| 23307 | Aristotle makes belief a part of reason, but sees desires as separate [Aristotle, by Sorabji] |
| 23311 | Aristotle sees reason as much more specific than our more everyday concept of it [Aristotle, by Frede,M] |
| 2899 | The fanatical rationality of Greek philosophy shows that they were in a state of emergency [Nietzsche] |
| 23300 | Aristotle and the Stoics denied rationality to animals, while Platonists affirmed it [Aristotle, by Sorabji] |
| 23310 | Animals live by sensations, and some have good memories, but they don't connect experiences [Aristotle] |
| 20381 | It is psychology which reveals the basic problems [Nietzsche] |
| 11245 | Many memories make up a single experience [Aristotle] |
| 23189 | Concepts are rough groups of simultaneous sensations [Nietzsche] |
| 23192 | Concepts don’t match one thing, but many things a little bit [Nietzsche] |
| 24129 | We start with images, then words, and then concepts, to which emotions attach [Nietzsche] |
| 23187 | Whatever their origin, concepts survive by being useful [Nietzsche] |
| 10954 | It is unclear whether acute angles are prior to right angles, or fingers to men [Aristotle] |
| 9789 | You can't abstract natural properties to make Forms - objects and attributes are defined together [Aristotle] |
| 9070 | We learn primitives and universals by induction from perceptions [Aristotle] |
| 9788 | Mathematicians study what is conceptually separable, and doesn't lead to error [Aristotle] |
| 9792 | Mathematicians study quantity and continuity, and remove the perceptible features of things [Aristotle] |
| 9077 | Mathematicians suppose inseparable aspects to be separable, and study them in isolation [Aristotle] |
| 9075 | If health happened to be white, the science of health would not study whiteness [Aristotle] |
| 2337 | For Aristotle meaning and reference are linked to concepts [Aristotle, by Putnam] |
| 5107 | Predicates are substance, quality, place, relation, quantity and action or affection [Aristotle] |
| 12349 | Only what can be said of many things is a predicable [Aristotle, by Wedin] |
| 11837 | Some predicates signify qualification of a substance, others the substance itself [Aristotle] |
| 23205 | Thought starts as ambiguity, in need of interpretation and narrowing [Nietzsche] |
| 13763 | Spoken sounds vary between people, but are signs of affections of soul, which are the same for all [Aristotle] |
| 11240 | The notion of analytic truth is absent in Aristotle [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 22570 | Rhetoric now enables good speakers to become popular leaders [Aristotle] |
| 5849 | Rhetoric is a political offshoot of dialectic and ethics [Aristotle] |
| 20266 | It is essential that wise people learn to express their wisdom, possibly even as foolishness [Nietzsche] |
| 24120 | Great orators lead their arguments, rather than following them [Nietzsche] |
| 1705 | It doesn't have to be the case that in opposed views one is true and the other false [Aristotle] |
| 12368 | Negation takes something away from something [Aristotle] |
| 24097 | The pragmatics of language is more comprehensible than the meaning [Nietzsche] |
| 1692 | If you shouldn't argue in metaphors, then you shouldn't try to define them either [Aristotle] |
| 24108 | Actions are just a release of force. They seize on something, which becomes the purpose [Nietzsche] |
| 22501 | Nietzsche classified actions by the nature of the agent, not the nature of the act [Nietzsche, by Foot] |
| 4411 | It is a delusion to separate the man from the deed, like the flash from the lightning [Nietzsche] |
| 4380 | Not all actions aim at some good; akratic actions, for example, do not [Burnyeat on Aristotle] |
| 23320 | Choice is not explained by the will, but by the operation of reason when it judges what is good [Aristotle, by Frede,M] |
| 18299 | The will is constantly frustrated by the past [Nietzsche] |
| 24105 | Drives make us feel non-feelings; Will is the effect of those feelings [Nietzsche] |
| 18313 | The big error is to think the will is a faculty producing effects; in fact, it is just a word [Nietzsche] |
| 4554 | The concept of the 'will' is just a false simplification by our understanding [Nietzsche] |
| 4552 | There is no such things a pure 'willing' on its own; the aim must always be part of it [Nietzsche] |
| 5211 | An action is voluntary if the limb movements originate in the agent [Aristotle] |
| 5221 | Deliberation ends when the starting-point of an action is traced back to the dominant part of the self [Aristotle] |
| 4383 | Aristotle seems not to explain why the better syllogism is overcome in akratic actions [Burnyeat on Aristotle] |
| 68 | The akrates acts from desire not choice, and the enkrates acts from choice not desire [Aristotle] |
| 4318 | Virtue is right reason and feeling and action. Akrasia and enkrateia are lower levels of action. [Aristotle, by Cottingham] |
| 4372 | Akrasia merely neglects or misunderstands knowledge, rather than opposing it [Achtenberg on Aristotle] |
| 5254 | Some people explain akrasia by saying only opinion is present, not knowledge [Aristotle] |
| 5255 | A person may act against one part of his knowledge, if he knows both universal and particular [Aristotle] |
| 23317 | Aristotle sees akrasia as acting against what is chosen, not against reason [Aristotle, by Frede,M] |
| 23318 | Akrasia is explained by past mental failures, not by a specific choice [Aristotle, by Frede,M] |
| 22574 | A community can lack self-control [Aristotle] |
| 5257 | Licentious people feel no regret, but weak-willed people are capable of repentance [Aristotle] |
| 23918 | Akrasia is the clash of two feelings - goodness and pleasure [Aristotle] |
| 24060 | Self-controlled follow understanding, when it is opposed to desires [Aristotle] |
| 24117 | We need lower and higher drives, but they must be under firm control [Nietzsche] |
| 7209 | There is no will; weakness of will is splitting of impulses, strong will is coordination under one impulse [Nietzsche] |
| 22515 | Choice results when deliberation brings together an opinion with an inclination [Aristotle] |
| 24113 | Our motives don't explain our actions [Nietzsche] |
| 73 | Practical intellect serves to arrive at the truth which corresponds to right appetite [Aristotle] |
| 4371 | Seeing particulars as parts of larger wholes is to perceive their value [Achtenberg on Aristotle] |
| 69 | We deliberate about means, not ends [Aristotle] |
| 5247 | Prudence is mainly concerned with particulars, which is the sphere of human conduct [Aristotle] |
| 80 | Virtue ensures that we have correct aims, and prudence that we have correct means of achieving them [Aristotle] |
| 82 | The one virtue of prudence carries with it the possession of all the other virtues [Aristotle] |
| 22508 | Unlike in inanimate things, in animate things actions have more than one starting point [Aristotle] |
| 22514 | The deliberative part of the soul discerns explanatory causes [Aristotle] |
| 5249 | One cannot be prudent without being good [Aristotle] |
| 20212 | Practical reason is truth-attaining, and focused on actions good for human beings [Aristotle] |
| 67 | Bad people are just ignorant of what they ought to do [Aristotle] |
| 5218 | Some people are good at forming opinions, but bad at making moral choices [Aristotle] |
| 81 | For Socrates virtues are principles, involving knowledge, but we say they only imply the principle of practical reason [Aristotle] |
| 14820 | People always do what they think is right, according to the degree of their intellect [Nietzsche] |
| 14856 | Our judgment seems to cause our nature, but actually judgment arises from our nature [Nietzsche] |
| 20133 | The 'motive' is superficial, and may even hide the antecedents of a deed [Nietzsche] |
| 20042 | We assign the cause of someone's walking when we say why they are doing it [Aristotle] |
| 5267 | Our reasoned acts are held to be voluntary and our own doing [Aristotle] |
| 5213 | If you repent of an act done through ignorance, you acted involuntarily, not non-voluntarily [Aristotle] |
| 22507 | An action is voluntary when it is accompanied by thought of some kind [Aristotle] |
| 4384 | For Aristotle responsibility seems negative, in the absence of force or ignorance [Irwin on Aristotle] |
| 20251 | Actions done for a purpose are least understood, because we complacently think it's obvious [Nietzsche] |
| 24127 | Judging actions by intentions - like judging painters by their thoughts! [Nietzsche] |
| 22500 | Nietzsche failed to see that moral actions can be voluntary without free will [Foot on Nietzsche] |
| 23319 | We are responsible if our actions reflect our motivation [Aristotle, by Frede,M] |
| 5212 | A man should sooner die than do some dreadful things, no matter how cruel the death [Aristotle] |
| 23198 | Aesthetics can be more basic than morality, in our pleasure in certain patterns of experience [Nietzsche] |
| 7194 | Experiencing a thing as beautiful is to experience it wrongly [Nietzsche] |
| 14842 | Why are the strong tastes of other people so contagious? [Nietzsche] |
| 52 | We choose things for their fineness, their advantage, or for pleasure [Aristotle] |
| 20271 | Beauty in art is the imitation of happiness [Nietzsche] |
| 5851 | Pentathletes look the most beautiful, because they combine speed and strength [Aristotle] |
| 18326 | The beautiful never stands alone; it derives from man's pleasure in man [Nietzsche] |
| 2837 | Nothing contrary to nature is beautiful [Aristotle] |
| 24087 | People who miss beauty seek the sublime, where even the ugly shows its 'beauty' [Nietzsche] |
| 24091 | The sublimity of nature which dwarfs us was a human creation [Nietzsche] |
| 636 | Beauty involves the Forms of order, symmetry and limit, which can be handled mathematically [Aristotle] |
| 14835 | Artists are not especially passionate, but they pretend to be [Nietzsche] |
| 20101 | Without music life would be a mistake [Nietzsche] |
| 16566 | Poetry is more philosophic than history, as it concerns universals, not particulars [Aristotle] |
| 2824 | The collective judgement of many people on art is better than that of an individual [Aristotle] |
| 6611 | One man's meat is another man's poison [Lucretius] |
| 635 | The good is found in actions, but beauty can exist without movement [Aristotle] |
| 2846 | Music can mould the character to be virtuous (just as gymnastics trains the body) [Aristotle] |
| 2902 | Healthy morality is dominated by an instinct for life [Nietzsche] |
| 7136 | Morality is a system of values which accompanies a being's life [Nietzsche] |
| 45 | We aim not to identify goodness, but to be good [Aristotle] |
| 46 | We must take for granted that we should act according to right principle [Aristotle] |
| 5153 | There is no fixed art of good conduct, and each situation is different, as in navigation [Aristotle] |
| 20230 | The very idea of a critique of morality is regarded as immoral! [Nietzsche] |
| 7163 | Morality is merely interpretations, which are extra-moral in origin [Nietzsche] |
| 18311 | Philosophers hate values having an origin, and want values to be self-sufficient [Nietzsche] |
| 18324 | There are no moral facts, and moralists believe in realities which do not exist [Nietzsche] |
| 22512 | Acts are voluntary if done knowingly, by the agent, and in his power to avoid it [Aristotle] |
| 14807 | The history of morality rests on an error called 'responsibility', which rests on an error called 'free will' [Nietzsche] |
| 14824 | It is absurd to blame nature and necessity; we should no more praise actions than we praise plants or artworks [Nietzsche] |
| 14823 | Ceasing to believe in human responsibility is bitter, if you had based the nobility of humanity on it [Nietzsche] |
| 22473 | Nietzsche said the will doesn't exist, so it can't ground moral responsibility [Nietzsche, by Foot] |
| 4521 | None of the ancients had the courage to deny morality by denying free will [Nietzsche] |
| 2904 | The doctrine of free will has been invented essentially in order to blame and punish people [Nietzsche] |
| 20234 | Morality prevents us from developing better customs [Nietzsche] |
| 3793 | We must question the very value of moral values [Nietzsche] |
| 2860 | The most boring and dangerous of all errors is Plato's invention of pure spirit and goodness [Nietzsche] |
| 14812 | Intellect is tied to morality, because it requires good memory and powerful imagination [Nietzsche] |
| 2921 | Philosophy grasps the limits of human reason, and values are beyond it [Nietzsche] |
| 4496 | 'Conscience' is invented to value actions by intention and conformity to 'law', rather than consequences [Nietzsche] |
| 2933 | Why do you listen to the voice of your conscience? [Nietzsche] |
| 18297 | We created meanings, to maintain ourselves [Nietzsche] |
| 7147 | Values are innate and inherited [Nietzsche] |
| 1568 | Nietzsche felt that Plato's views downgraded the human body and its brevity of life [Nietzsche, by Roochnik] |
| 7190 | Our values express an earlier era's conditions for survival and growth [Nietzsche] |
| 5858 | Men are physically prime at thirty-five, and mentally prime at forty-nine [Aristotle] |
| 5134 | Perhaps we get a better account of happiness as the good for man if we know his function [Aristotle] |
| 31 | If bodily organs have functions, presumably the whole person has one [Aristotle] |
| 5231 | To eat vast amounts is unnatural, since natural desire is to replenish the deficiency [Aristotle] |
| 22509 | What is natural for us is either there at birth, or appears by normal processes [Aristotle] |
| 6559 | Aristotle never actually says that man is a rational animal [Aristotle, by Fogelin] |
| 5730 | Our bodies weren't created to be used; on the contrary, their creation makes a use possible [Lucretius] |
| 24093 | We can aspire to greatness by creating new functions for ourselves [Nietzsche] |
| 24121 | Greeks might see modern analysis of what is human as impious [Nietzsche] |
| 24107 | Once a drive controls the intellect, it rules, and sets the goals [Nietzsche] |
| 20128 | Each person has a fixed constitution, which makes them a particular type of person [Nietzsche, by Leiter] |
| 22503 | Nietzsche could only revalue human values for a different species [Nietzsche, by Foot] |
| 2883 | Noble people see themselves as the determiners of values [Nietzsche] |
| 8041 | The superman is a monstrous oddity, not a serious idea [MacIntyre on Nietzsche] |
| 20135 | Nietzsche's higher type of man is much more important than the idealised 'superman' [Nietzsche, by Leiter] |
| 23440 | Nietzsche's judgement of actions by psychology instead of outcome was poisonous [Foot on Nietzsche] |
| 23208 | Caesar and Napoleon point to the future, when they pursue their task regardless of human sacrifice [Nietzsche] |
| 23193 | Napoleon was very focused, and rightly ignored compassion [Nietzsche] |
| 4408 | The concept of 'good' was created by aristocrats to describe their own actions [Nietzsche] |
| 23716 | A strong rounded person soon forgets enemies, misfortunes, and even misdeeds [Nietzsche] |
| 20136 | There is an extended logic to a great man's life, achieved by a sustained will [Nietzsche] |
| 20358 | The highest man can endure and control the greatest combination of powerful drives [Nietzsche] |
| 20369 | The highest man directs the values of the highest natures over millenia [Nietzsche] |
| 20138 | Christianity is at war with the higher type of man, and excommunicates his basic instincts [Nietzsche] |
| 5234 | For the great-souled man it is sometimes better to be dead [Aristotle] |
| 14810 | Originally it was the rulers who requited good for good and evil for evil who were called 'good' [Nietzsche] |
| 20141 | Higher human beings see and hear far more than others, and do it more thoughtfully [Nietzsche] |
| 18293 | The noble man wants new virtues; the good man preserves what is old [Nietzsche] |
| 24076 | A morality ranks human drives and actions, for the sake of the herd, and subordinating individuals [Nietzsche] |
| 20353 | The 'will to power' is basically applied to drives and forces, not to people [Nietzsche, by Richardson] |
| 20129 | All animals strive for the ideal conditions to express their power, and hate any hindrances [Nietzsche] |
| 4506 | There is a conspiracy (a will to power) to make morality dominate other values, like knowledge and art [Nietzsche] |
| 4514 | The basic tendency of the weak has always been to pull down the strong, using morality [Nietzsche] |
| 20237 | Moral feelings are entirely different from the moral concepts used to judge actions [Nietzsche] |
| 20238 | Treating morality as feelings is just obeying your ancestors [Nietzsche] |
| 21 | Moral acts are so varied that they must be convention, not nature [Aristotle] |
| 2807 | Some say slavery is unnatural and created by convention, and is therefore forced, and unjust [Aristotle] |
| 22471 | Nietzsche thought it 'childish' to say morality isn't binding because it varies between cultures [Nietzsche, by Foot] |
| 2875 | That which is done out of love always takes place beyond good and evil [Nietzsche] |
| 5855 | We all feel universal right and wrong, independent of any community or contracts [Aristotle] |
| 5075 | Aristotle said there are two levels of virtue - the conventional and the intellectual [Taylor,R on Aristotle] |
| 2868 | Nature is totally indifferent, so you should try to be different from it, not live by it [Nietzsche] |
| 24149 | Values need a perspective, of preserving some aspect of life [Nietzsche] |
| 4370 | For Aristotle 'good' means purpose, and value is real but relational [Achtenberg on Aristotle] |
| 24085 | For absolute morality a goal for mankind is needed [Nietzsche] |
| 24101 | We always assign values, but we may not value those values [Nietzsche] |
| 20370 | All evaluation is from some perspective, and aims at survival [Nietzsche] |
| 20354 | The ruling drives of our culture all want to be the highest court of our values [Nietzsche] |
| 18227 | We desire final things just for themselves, and not for the sake of something else [Aristotle] |
| 4381 | How can an action be intrinsically good if it is a means to 'eudaimonia'? [Ackrill on Aristotle] |
| 7201 | Knowledge, wisdom and goodness only have value relative to a goal [Nietzsche] |
| 18230 | No one would choose life just for activities not done for their own sake [Aristotle] |
| 398 | Each thing that has a function is for the sake of that function [Aristotle] |
| 33 | Each named function has a distinctive excellence attached to it [Aristotle] |
| 23909 | Wearing a shoe is its intrinsic use, and selling it (as a shoe) is its coincidental use [Aristotle] |
| 15772 | A thing's active function is its end [Aristotle] |
| 2895 | The value of life cannot be estimated [Nietzsche] |
| 18308 | A philosopher fails in wisdom if he thinks the value of life is a problem [Nietzsche] |
| 20243 | Human beings are not majestic, either through divine origins, or through grand aims [Nietzsche] |
| 18321 | To evaluate life one must know it, but also be situated outside of it [Nietzsche] |
| 2893 | In every age the wisest people have judged life to be worthless [Nietzsche] |
| 2894 | Value judgements about life can never be true [Nietzsche] |
| 18322 | When we establish values, that is life itself establishing them, through us [Nietzsche] |
| 5154 | Excess and deficiency are bad for virtue, just as they are for bodily health [Aristotle] |
| 5268 | Disreputable pleasures are only pleasant to persons with diseased perception [Aristotle] |
| 5870 | Everything seeks, not a single good, but its own separate good [Aristotle] |
| 5229 | The more virtuous and happy a person is, the worse the prospect becomes of ending life [Aristotle] |
| 20268 | Most dying people have probably lost more important things than what they are about to lose [Nietzsche] |
| 5726 | The dead are no different from those who were never born [Lucretius] |
| 14831 | No one has ever done anything that was entirely for other people [Nietzsche] |
| 7205 | Altruism is praised by the egoism of the weak, who want everyone to be looked after [Nietzsche] |
| 4505 | How can it be that I should prefer my neighbour to myself, but he should prefer me to himself? [Nietzsche] |
| 90 | All altruism is an extension of self-love [Aristotle] |
| 14855 | Simultaneous love and respect are impossible; love has no separation or rank, but respect admits power [Nietzsche] |
| 20236 | Marriage upholds the idea that love, though a passion, can endure [Nietzsche] |
| 20263 | Fear reveals the natures of other people much more clearly than love does [Nietzsche] |
| 20252 | Marriage is too serious to be permitted for people in love! [Nietzsche] |
| 24148 | If you love something, it is connected with everything, so all must be affirmed as good [Nietzsche] |
| 20113 | Friendly chats undermine my philosophy; wanting to be right at the expense of love is folly [Nietzsche] |
| 22582 | Spirit [thumos] is the capacity by which we love [Aristotle] |
| 18301 | We only really love children and work [Nietzsche] |
| 5263 | Most people want to be loved rather than to love, because they desire honour [Aristotle] |
| 5262 | Only lovable things are loved, and they must be good, or pleasant, or useful [Aristotle] |
| 18319 | Love is the spiritualisation of sensuality [Nietzsche] |
| 2689 | Good people enjoy virtuous action, just as musicians enjoy beautiful melodies [Aristotle] |
| 101 | Slaves can't be happy, because they lack freedom [Aristotle] |
| 5142 | Oxen, horses and children cannot be happy, because they cannot perform fine deeds [Aristotle] |
| 14815 | We get enormous pleasure from tales of noble actions [Nietzsche] |
| 92 | Self-love benefits ourselves, and also helps others [Aristotle] |
| 2810 | Selfishness is wrong not because it is self-love, but because it is excessive [Aristotle] |
| 5243 | The best people exercise their virtue towards others, rather than to themselves [Aristotle] |
| 24135 | Egoism should not assume that all egos are equal [Nietzsche] |
| 7141 | A living being is totally 'egoistic' [Nietzsche] |
| 3559 | For Aristotle, true self-love is love of the higher parts of one's soul [Aristotle, by Annas] |
| 2886 | The distinction between egoistic and non-egoistic acts is absurd [Nietzsche] |
| 5128 | Each category of existence has its own good, so one Good cannot unite them [Aristotle] |
| 5129 | There should be one science of the one Good, but there are many overlapping sciences [Aristotle] |
| 629 | Is the good a purpose, a source of movement, or a pure form? [Aristotle] |
| 20 | The good is 'that at which all things aim' [Aristotle] |
| 5110 | Goodness is when a thing (such as a circle) is complete, and conforms with its nature [Aristotle] |
| 5131 | Intelligence and sight, and some pleasures and honours, are candidates for being good in themselves [Aristotle] |
| 5135 | Goods are external, of the soul, and of the body; those of the soul (such as action) come first [Aristotle] |
| 2882 | Morality originally judged people, and actions only later on [Nietzsche] |
| 2903 | A good human will be virtuous because they are happy [Nietzsche] |
| 5269 | Pleasure is not the Good, and not every pleasure is desirable [Aristotle] |
| 23 | The masses believe, not unreasonably, that the good is pleasure [Aristotle] |
| 109 | Clearly perfect conduct will involve both good intention and good action [Aristotle] |
| 5877 | We judge people from their deeds because we cannot see their choices (which matter more) [Aristotle] |
| 22555 | The function of good men is to confer benefits [Aristotle] |
| 24094 | Humans are vividly aware of short-term effects, and almost ignorant of the long-term ones [Nietzsche] |
| 2872 | In the earliest phase of human history only consequences mattered [Nietzsche] |
| 4509 | Utilitarians prefer consequences because intentions are unknowable - but so are consequences! [Nietzsche] |
| 26 | Wealth is not the good, because it is only a means [Aristotle] |
| 20233 | Punishment has distorted the pure innocence of the contingency of outcomes [Nietzsche] |
| 4426 | A bad result distorts one's judgement about the virtue of what one has done [Nietzsche] |
| 25 | You can be good while asleep, or passive, or in pain [Aristotle] |
| 5136 | Happiness seems to involve virtue, or practical reason, or wisdom, or pleasure, or external goods [Aristotle] |
| 5868 | Horses, birds and fish are not happy, lacking a divine aspect to their natures [Aristotle] |
| 7168 | Modest people express happiness as 'Not bad' [Nietzsche] |
| 18673 | Eudaimonia is said to only have final value, where reason and virtue are also useful [Aristotle, by Orsi] |
| 5127 | Does Aristotle say eudaimonia is the aim, or that it ought to be? [McDowell on Aristotle] |
| 5143 | Some good and evil can happen to the dead, just as the living may be unaware of a disaster [Aristotle] |
| 2681 | Aristotle is unsure about eudaimonia because he is unsure what people are [Nagel on Aristotle] |
| 5132 | Goods like pleasure are chosen partly for happiness, but happiness is chosen just for itself [Aristotle] |
| 30 | Happiness is perfect and self-sufficient, the end of all action [Aristotle] |
| 18307 | I want my work, not happiness! [Nietzsche] |
| 4558 | We have no more right to 'happiness' than worms [Nietzsche] |
| 4500 | It is a sign of degeneration when eudaimonistic values begin to prevail [Nietzsche] |
| 2891 | Only the English actually strive after happiness [Nietzsche] |
| 7159 | The only happiness is happiness with illusion [Nietzsche] |
| 39 | Happiness needs total goodness and a complete life [Aristotle] |
| 100 | The happy life is in accordance with goodness, which implies seriousness [Aristotle] |
| 5850 | Happiness is composed of a catalogue of internal and external benefits [Aristotle] |
| 5139 | If happiness can be achieved by study and effort, then it is open to anyone who is not corrupt [Aristotle] |
| 14884 | The shortest path to happiness is forgetfulness, the path of animals (but of little value) [Nietzsche] |
| 14849 | We can only achieve happy moments, not happy eras [Nietzsche] |
| 106 | The best life is that of the intellect, since that is in the fullest sense the man [Aristotle] |
| 24111 | Happiness is the active equilibrium of our drives [Nietzsche] |
| 5144 | Happiness is activity in accordance with complete virtue, for a whole life, with adequate external goods [Aristotle] |
| 5865 | Happiness involves three things, of which the greatest is either wisdom, virtue, or pleasure [Aristotle] |
| 4374 | For Aristotle, pleasure is the perception of particulars as valuable [Achtenberg on Aristotle] |
| 7197 | Pleasure needs dissatisfaction, boundaries and resistances [Nietzsche] |
| 4550 | Pleasure and pain are mere epiphenomena, and achievement requires that one desire both [Nietzsche] |
| 4376 | Pleasure and pain are perceptions of things as good or bad [Aristotle] |
| 5230 | There are pleasures of the soul (e.g. civic honour, and learning) and of the body [Aristotle] |
| 383 | God feels one simple pleasure forever [Aristotle] |
| 5270 | Intellectual pleasures are superior to sensuous ones [Aristotle] |
| 98 | It is right to pursue pleasure, because it enhances life, and life is a thing to choose [Aristotle] |
| 99 | If happiness were mere amusement it wouldn't be worth a lifetime's effort [Aristotle] |
| 5259 | If we criticise bodily pleasures as licentious and bad, why do we consider their opposite, pain, to be bad? [Aristotle] |
| 96 | Nobody would choose the mentality of a child, even if they had the greatest childish pleasures [Aristotle] |
| 97 | There are many things we would want even if they brought no pleasure [Aristotle] |
| 5256 | Some things are not naturally pleasant, but become so through disease or depravity [Aristotle] |
| 5258 | While replenishing we even enjoy unpleasant things, but only absolute pleasures when we are replenished [Aristotle] |
| 5705 | Nature only wants two things: freedom from pain, and pleasure [Lucretius] |
| 53 | Feeling inappropriate pleasure or pain affects conduct, and is central to morality [Aristotle] |
| 49 | Character is revealed by the pleasures and pains people feel [Aristotle] |
| 84 | The greater the pleasure, the greater the hindrance to thought [Aristotle] |
| 91 | A man is his own best friend; therefore he ought to love himself best [Aristotle] |
| 18327 | A wholly altruistic morality, with no egoism, is a thoroughly bad thing [Nietzsche] |
| 88 | Nobody would choose all the good things in world, if the price was loss of identity [Aristotle] |
| 4517 | Egoism is inescapable, and when it grows weak, the power of love also grows weak [Nietzsche] |
| 5856 | Self-interest is a relative good, but nobility an absolute good [Aristotle] |
| 2885 | The noble soul has reverence for itself [Nietzsche] |
| 20248 | People do nothing for their real ego, but only for a phantom ego created by other people [Nietzsche] |
| 4409 | Only the decline of aristocratic morality led to concerns about "egoism" [Nietzsche] |
| 4518 | The question about egoism is: what kind of ego? since not all egos are equal [Nietzsche] |
| 4519 | The ego is only a fiction, and doesn't exist at all [Nietzsche] |
| 3259 | Nietzsche rejects impersonal morality, and asserts the idea of living well [Nietzsche, by Nagel] |
| 71 | Licentiousness concerns the animal-like pleasures of touch and taste [Aristotle] |
| 4416 | Basic justice is the negotiation of agreement among equals, and the imposition of agreement [Nietzsche] |
| 4418 | A masterful and violent person need have nothing to do with contracts [Nietzsche] |
| 4560 | The Golden Rule prohibits harmful actions, with the premise that actions will be requited [Nietzsche] |
| 20246 | If you feel to others as they feel to themselves, you must hate a self-hater [Nietzsche] |
| 5848 | All good things can be misused, except virtue [Aristotle] |
| 5853 | The best virtues are the most useful to others [Aristotle] |
| 5111 | All moral virtue is concerned with bodily pleasure and pain [Aristotle] |
| 34 | The good for man is an activity of soul in accordance with virtue [Aristotle] |
| 5137 | Many pleasures are relative to a person, but some love what is pleasant by nature, and virtue is like that [Aristotle] |
| 4342 | Aristotle must hold that virtuous King Priam's life can be marred, but not ruined [Hursthouse on Aristotle] |
| 4382 | Feelings are vital to virtue, but virtue requires choice, which feelings lack [Kosman on Aristotle] |
| 58 | If virtues are not feelings or faculties, then they must be dispositions [Aristotle] |
| 54 | Actions are not virtuous because of their quality, but because of the way they are done [Aristotle] |
| 4373 | Virtue is the feeling of emotions that accord with one's perception of value [Achtenberg on Aristotle] |
| 63 | Virtue is a purposive mean disposition, which follows a rational principle and prudent judgment [Aristotle] |
| 5214 | Acts may be forgivable if particular facts (rather than principles) are unknown [Aristotle] |
| 5215 | There are six categories of particular cirumstance affecting an action [Aristotle] |
| 5216 | An act is involuntary if the particular facts (esp. circumstances and effect) are unknown [Aristotle] |
| 107 | A life of moral virtue brings human happiness, but not divine happiness [Aristotle] |
| 55 | People who perform just acts unwillingly or ignorantly are still not just [Aristotle] |
| 5876 | Virtue is different from continence [Aristotle] |
| 591 | Excellence is a sort of completion [Aristotle] |
| 4555 | The great error is to think that happiness derives from virtue, which in turn derives from free will [Nietzsche] |
| 5149 | The two main parts of the soul give rise to two groups of virtues - intellectual, and moral [Aristotle] |
| 5156 | How can good actions breed virtues, if you need to be virtuous to perform good actions? [Aristotle] |
| 5157 | If a thing has excellence, this makes the thing good, and means it functions well [Aristotle] |
| 5872 | Excellence is the best state of anything (like a cloak) which has an employment or function [Aristotle] |
| 14818 | First morality is force, then custom, then acceptance, then instinct, then a pleasure - and finally 'virtue' [Nietzsche] |
| 625 | Is excellence separate from things, or part of them, or both? [Aristotle] |
| 2935 | No two actions are the same [Nietzsche] |
| 4369 | It is not universals we must perceive for virtue, but particulars, seen as intrinsically good [Aristotle, by Achtenberg] |
| 5158 | Actions concern particular cases, and rules must fit the cases, not the other way round [Aristotle] |
| 5237 | We cannot properly judge by rules, because blame depends on perception of particulars [Aristotle] |
| 24109 | Actual morality is more complicated and subtle than theory (which gets paralysed) [Nietzsche] |
| 22475 | Moral generalisation is wrong, because we should evaluate individual acts [Nietzsche, by Foot] |
| 20134 | Moralities extravagantly address themselves to 'all', by falsely generalising [Nietzsche] |
| 3548 | Aristotle neglects the place of rules in the mature virtuous person [Annas on Aristotle] |
| 2881 | Virtue has been greatly harmed by the boringness of its advocates [Nietzsche] |
| 20103 | You are mastered by your own virtues, but you must master them, and turn them into tools [Nietzsche] |
| 20198 | Many virtues are harmful traps, but that is why other people praise them [Nietzsche] |
| 24132 | After Socrates virtue is misunderstood, as good for all, not for individuals [Nietzsche] |
| 22476 | Nietzsche thought our psychology means there can't be universal human virtues [Nietzsche, by Foot] |
| 7165 | Virtue is wasteful, as it reduces us all to being one another's nurse [Nietzsche] |
| 7193 | Virtue for everyone removes its charm of being exceptional and aristocratic [Nietzsche] |
| 20375 | Virtues must be highly personal; if not, it is merely respect for a concept [Nietzsche] |
| 4367 | Moral virtue is not natural, because its behaviour can be changed, unlike a falling stone [Aristotle] |
| 5223 | We are partly responsible for our own dispositions and virtues [Aristotle] |
| 4362 | Dispositions to virtue are born in us, but without intelligence they can be harmful [Aristotle] |
| 4493 | Be natural! But how, if one happens to be "unnatural"? [Nietzsche] |
| 4494 | Not "return to nature", for there has never yet been a natural humanity [Nietzsche] |
| 4498 | 'Love your enemy' is unnatural, for the natural law says 'love your neighbour and hate your enemy' [Nietzsche] |
| 22557 | Virtuous people are like the citizens of the best city [Aristotle] |
| 2841 | People become good because of nature, habit and reason [Aristotle] |
| 56 | A person is good if they act from choice, and for the sake of the actions in themselves [Aristotle] |
| 93 | Existence is desirable if one is conscious of one's own goodness [Aristotle] |
| 14817 | The 'good' man does the moral thing as if by nature, easily and gladly, after a long inheritance [Nietzsche] |
| 4511 | We would avoid a person who always needed reasons for remaining decent [Nietzsche] |
| 4512 | Virtue is pursued from self-interest and prudence, and reduces people to non-entities [Nietzsche] |
| 5225 | The end of virtue is what is right and honourable or fine [Aristotle] |
| 2690 | Associating with good people can be a training in virtue [Aristotle] |
| 43 | Nature enables us to be virtuous, but habit develops virtue in us [Aristotle] |
| 44 | We acquire virtues by habitually performing good deeds [Aristotle] |
| 5152 | Like activities produce like dispositions, so we must give the right quality to the activity [Aristotle] |
| 51 | True education is training from infancy to have correct feelings [Aristotle] |
| 4378 | We must practise virtuous acts because practice actually teaches us the nature of virtue [Burnyeat on Aristotle] |
| 6793 | People can break into the circle of virtue and good action, by chance, or with help [Aristotle] |
| 57 | We acquire virtue by the repeated performance of just and temperate acts [Aristotle] |
| 5875 | Character (éthos) is developed from habit (ethos) [Aristotle] |
| 5222 | A person of good character sees the truth about what is actually fine and pleasant [Aristotle] |
| 4394 | People develop their characters through the activities they pursue [Aristotle] |
| 5239 | When people speak of justice they mean a disposition of character to behave justly [Aristotle] |
| 4379 | It is very hard to change a person's character traits by argument [Aristotle] |
| 4386 | Character can be heroic, excellent, controlled, uncontrolled, bad, or brutish [Aristotle, by Urmson] |
| 5250 | The three states of character to avoid are vice, 'akrasia' and brutishness [Aristotle] |
| 5874 | Character virtues (such as courage) are of the non-rational part, which follows the rational part [Aristotle] |
| 22516 | Character is shown by what is or is not enjoyed, and virtue chooses the mean among them [Aristotle] |
| 22517 | We judge character not by their actions, but by their reasons for actions [Aristotle] |
| 7191 | What does not kill us makes us stronger [Nietzsche] |
| 24126 | We contain multitudes of characters, which can brought into the open [Nietzsche] |
| 60 | The mean is relative to the individual (diet, for example) [Aristotle] |
| 47 | Virtues are destroyed by the excess and preserved by the mean [Aristotle] |
| 4406 | Aristotle aims at happiness by depressing emotions to a harmless mean [Nietzsche on Aristotle] |
| 61 | Skills are only well performed if they observe the mean [Aristotle] |
| 4388 | One drink a day is moderation, but very drunk once a week could exhibit the mean [Urmson on Aristotle] |
| 4387 | In most normal situations it is not appropriate to have any feelings at all [Urmson on Aristotle] |
| 62 | We must tune our feelings to be right in every way [Aristotle] |
| 2829 | The law is the mean [Aristotle] |
| 5159 | The mean is always right, and the extremes are always wrong [Aristotle] |
| 65 | The vices to which we are most strongly pulled are most opposed to the mean [Aristotle] |
| 5161 | To make one's anger exactly appropriate to a situation is very difficult [Aristotle] |
| 5235 | Patient people are indignant, but only appropriately, as their reason prescribes [Aristotle] |
| 5238 | The sincere man is praiseworthy, because truth is the mean between boasting and irony [Aristotle] |
| 23914 | People sometimes exhibit both extremes together, but the mean is contrary to both of them [Aristotle] |
| 20372 | The instinct of the herd, the majority, aims for the mean, in the middle [Nietzsche] |
| 3545 | The mean implies that vices are opposed to one another, not to virtue [Aristotle, by Annas] |
| 5217 | At times we ought to feel angry, and we ought to desire health and learning [Aristotle] |
| 5236 | It is foolish not to be angry when it is appropriate [Aristotle] |
| 23911 | Possessors of a virtue tend to despise what reason shows to be its opposite [Aristotle] |
| 22590 | Virtue is concerned with correct feelings [Aristotle] |
| 64 | There is no right time or place or way or person for the committing of adultery; it is just wrong [Aristotle] |
| 24110 | Some things we would never do, even for the highest ideals [Nietzsche] |
| 4117 | Nowadays we (unlike Aristotle) seem agreed that someone can have one virtue but lack others [Williams,B on Aristotle] |
| 24103 | You should not want too many virtues; one is enough [Nietzsche] |
| 23910 | Greatness of soul produces all the virtues - and vice versa [Aristotle] |
| 12277 | Friendship is preferable to money, since its excess is preferable [Aristotle] |
| 20382 | The four virtues are courage, insight, sympathy, solitude [Nietzsche] |
| 5251 | Gods exist in a state which is morally superior to virtue [Aristotle] |
| 4510 | A path to power: to introduce a new virtue under the name of an old one [Nietzsche] |
| 12276 | Justice and self-control are better than courage, because they are always useful [Aristotle] |
| 14809 | All societies of good men give a priority to gratitude [Nietzsche] |
| 20272 | Honesty is a new young virtue, and we can promote it, or not [Nietzsche] |
| 18291 | Virtues can destroy one another, through jealousy [Nietzsche] |
| 20240 | The Jews treated great anger as holy, and were in awe of those who expressed it [Nietzsche] |
| 20244 | Christianity replaces rational philosophical virtues with great passions focused on God [Nietzsche] |
| 20274 | The cardinal virtues want us to be honest, brave, magnanimous and polite [Nietzsche] |
| 7151 | Courage, compassion, insight, solitude are the virtues, with courtesy a necessary vice [Nietzsche] |
| 4515 | Modesty, industriousness, benevolence and temperance are the virtues of a good slave [Nietzsche] |
| 4516 | Many virtues are merely restraints on the most creative qualities of a human being [Nietzsche] |
| 23908 | If someone just looks at or listens to beautiful things, they would not be thought intemperate [Aristotle] |
| 2813 | It is quite possible to live a moderate life and yet be miserable [Aristotle] |
| 5261 | Between friends there is no need for justice [Aristotle] |
| 22553 | Justice is a virtue of communities [Aristotle] |
| 5151 | Justice concerns our behaviour in dealing with other people [Aristotle] |
| 4389 | What emotion is displayed in justice, and what are its deficiency and excess? [Urmson on Aristotle] |
| 23556 | Particular justice concerns specific temptations, but universal justice concerns the whole character [Aristotle] |
| 5242 | Justice is whatever creates or preserves social happiness [Aristotle] |
| 5240 | The word 'unjust' describes law-breaking and exploitation [Aristotle] |
| 14816 | Justice (fairness) originates among roughly equal powers (as the Melian dialogues show) [Nietzsche] |
| 4559 | When powerless one desires freedom; if power is too weak, one desires equal power ('justice') [Nietzsche] |
| 20257 | Cool courage and feverish bravery have one name, but are two very different virtues [Nietzsche] |
| 23905 | Courage follows reason, which tells us to choose what is noble [Aristotle] |
| 15606 | Military idea: what does not kill me makes me stronger [Nietzsche] |
| 5226 | True courage is an appropriate response to a dangerous situation [Aristotle] |
| 5224 | Strictly speaking, a courageous person is one who does not fear an honourable death [Aristotle] |
| 24 | Honour depends too much on the person who awards it [Aristotle] |
| 5233 | Honour is clearly the greatest external good [Aristotle] |
| 4119 | If you aim at honour, you make yourself dependent on the people to whom you wish to be superior [Aristotle, by Williams,B] |
| 23912 | Honour depends on what it is for, and whether it is bestowed by worthy people [Aristotle] |
| 4557 | The supposed great lovers of honour (Alexander etc) were actually great despisers of honour [Nietzsche] |
| 5857 | The young feel pity from philanthropy, but the old from self-concern [Aristotle] |
| 4275 | You cannot advocate joyful wisdom while rejecting pity, because the two are complementary [Scruton on Nietzsche] |
| 4407 | Plato, Spinoza and Kant are very different, but united in their low estimation of pity [Nietzsche] |
| 20112 | Pity consoles those who suffer, because they see that they still have the power to hurt [Nietzsche] |
| 2879 | In ancient Rome pity was considered neither good nor bad [Nietzsche] |
| 18328 | Invalids are parasites [Nietzsche] |
| 14821 | Apart from philosophers, most people rightly have a low estimate of pity [Nietzsche] |
| 4425 | The overcoming of pity I count among the noble virtues [Nietzsche] |
| 621 | Contemplation is a supreme pleasure and excellence [Aristotle] |
| 104 | Contemplation (with the means to achieve it) is the perfect happiness for man [Aristotle] |
| 18229 | Only contemplation is sought for its own sake; practical activity always offers some gain [Aristotle] |
| 5272 | The intellectual life is divine in comparison with ordinary human life [Aristotle] |
| 105 | We should aspire to immortality, and live by what is highest in us [Aristotle] |
| 18232 | The gods live, but action is unworthy of them, so that only leaves contemplation? [Aristotle] |
| 110 | Lower animals cannot be happy, because they cannot contemplate [Aristotle] |
| 111 | The more people contemplate, the happier they are [Aristotle] |
| 20259 | Teach youth to respect people who differ with them, not people who agree with them [Nietzsche] |
| 5138 | The fine deeds required for happiness need external resources, like friends or wealth [Aristotle] |
| 38 | A man can't be happy if he is ugly, or of low birth, or alone and childless [Aristotle] |
| 1665 | It is nonsense to say a good person is happy even if they are being tortured or suffering disaster [Aristotle] |
| 5871 | Goods in the soul are more worthy than those outside it, as everybody wants them [Aristotle] |
| 22561 | The rich are seen as noble, because they don't need to commit crimes [Aristotle] |
| 18287 | People now find both wealth and poverty too much of a burden [Nietzsche] |
| 5859 | Rich people are mindlessly happy [Aristotle] |
| 108 | The virtue of generosity requires money [Aristotle] |
| 85 | Bad men can have friendships of utility or pleasure, but only good men can be true friends [Aristotle] |
| 2686 | Aristotle does not confine supreme friendship to moral heroes [Cooper,JM on Aristotle] |
| 2687 | For Aristotle in the best friendships the binding force is some excellence of character [Cooper,JM on Aristotle] |
| 23919 | Friendship cannot be immediate; it takes time, and needs testing [Aristotle] |
| 23920 | Decent people can be friends with base people [Aristotle] |
| 2808 | Master and slave can have friendship through common interests [Aristotle] |
| 12275 | We value friendship just for its own sake [Aristotle] |
| 14841 | Many people are better at having good friends than being a good friend [Nietzsche] |
| 14843 | Women can be friends with men, but only some physical antipathy will maintain it [Nietzsche] |
| 18295 | If you want friends, you must be a fighter [Nietzsche] |
| 2915 | Each person should devise his own virtues and categorical imperative [Nietzsche] |
| 5252 | 'Enkrateia' (control) means abiding by one's own calculations [Aristotle] |
| 7185 | Replace the categorical imperative by the natural imperative [Nietzsche] |
| 20267 | Seeing duty as a burden makes it a bit cruel, and it can thus never become a habit [Nietzsche] |
| 4415 | Guilt and obligation originated in the relationship of buying and selling, credit and debt [Nietzsche] |
| 2934 | To see one's own judgement as a universal law is selfish [Nietzsche] |
| 2859 | The idea of the categorical imperative is just that we should all be very obedient [Nietzsche] |
| 4507 | The categorical imperative needs either God behind it, or a metaphysic of the unity of reason [Nietzsche] |
| 14811 | In Homer it is the contemptible person, not the harmful person, who is bad [Nietzsche] |
| 24106 | Talk of 'utility' presupposes that what is useful to people has been defined [Nietzsche] |
| 4501 | Utilitarianism criticises the origins of morality, but still believes in it as much as Christians [Nietzsche] |
| 2884 | The morality of slaves is the morality of utility [Nietzsche] |
| 24086 | The goal is to settle human beings, like other animals, but humans are still changeable [Nietzsche] |
| 20104 | Nietzsche tried to lead a thought-provoking life [Safranski on Nietzsche] |
| 2880 | The greatest possibilities in man are still unexhausted [Nietzsche] |
| 7164 | Not feeling harnessed to a system of 'ends' is a wonderful feeling of freedom [Nietzsche] |
| 23718 | If we say birds of prey could become lambs, that makes them responsible for being birds of prey [Nietzsche] |
| 4489 | If faith is lost, people seek other authorities, in order to avoid the risk of willing personal goals [Nietzsche] |
| 20111 | We could live more naturally, relishing the spectacle, and not thinking we are special [Nietzsche] |
| 24080 | We should give style to our character - by applying an artistic plan to its strengths and weaknesses [Nietzsche] |
| 20125 | The ethical teacher exists to give purpose to what happens necessarily and without purpose [Nietzsche] |
| 24123 | My eternal recurrence is opposed to feeling fragmented and imperfect [Nietzsche] |
| 18286 | The greatest experience possible is contempt for your own happiness, reason and virtue [Nietzsche] |
| 23717 | Modern nihilism is now feeling tired of mankind [Nietzsche] |
| 7847 | Initially nihilism was cosmic, but later Nietzsche saw it as a cultural matter [Nietzsche, by Ansell Pearson] |
| 9782 | Nietzsche urges that nihilism be active, and will nothing itself [Nietzsche, by Zizek] |
| 23214 | For the strongest people, nihilism gives you wings! [Nietzsche] |
| 7198 | Nihilism results from measuring the world by our categories which are purely invented [Nietzsche] |
| 2876 | The thought of suicide is a great reassurance on bad nights [Nietzsche] |
| 7078 | The freedom of the subject means the collapse of moral certainty [Nietzsche, by Critchley] |
| 14844 | People do not experience boredom if they have never learned to work properly [Nietzsche] |
| 9306 | To ward off boredom at any cost is vulgar [Nietzsche] |
| 20102 | Flight from boredom leads to art [Nietzsche] |
| 20130 | It is absurd to think you can change your own essence, like a garment [Nietzsche] |
| 14808 | Over huge periods of time human character would change endlessly [Nietzsche] |
| 2874 | Man is the animal whose nature has not yet been fixed [Nietzsche] |
| 20275 | Most people think they are already complete, but we can cultivate ourselves [Nietzsche] |
| 6869 | Nietzsche thinks the human condition is to overcome and remake itself [Nietzsche, by Ansell Pearson] |
| 7150 | By developing herd virtues man fixes what has up to now been the 'unfixed animal' [Nietzsche] |
| 7177 | Virtues from outside are dangerous, and they should come from within [Nietzsche] |
| 4513 | Virtuous people are inferior because they are not 'persons', but conform to a fixed pattern [Nietzsche] |
| 20132 | To become what you are you must have no self-awareness [Nietzsche] |
| 4504 | Morality used to be for preservation, but now we can only experiment, giving ourselves moral goals [Nietzsche] |
| 20106 | Nietzsche was fascinated by a will that can turn against itself [Nietzsche, by Safranski] |
| 24079 | The best life is the dangerous life [Nietzsche] |
| 2936 | Imagine if before each of your actions you had to accept repeating the action over and over again [Nietzsche] |
| 6842 | Nietzsche says facing up to the eternal return of meaninglessness is the response to nihilism [Nietzsche, by Critchley] |
| 24088 | See our present lives as eternal! Religions see it as fleeting, and aim at some different life [Nietzsche] |
| 24119 | The eternal return of wastefulness is a terrible thought [Nietzsche] |
| 24136 | Who can endure the thought of eternal recurrence? [Nietzsche] |
| 24154 | If you want one experience repeated, you must want all of them [Nietzsche] |
| 20124 | Reliving life countless times - this gives the value back to life which religion took away [Nietzsche] |
| 20137 | The great person engages wholly with life, and is happy to endlessly relive the life they created [Nietzsche] |
| 7172 | Existence without meaning or goal or end, eternally recurring, is a terrible thought [Nietzsche] |
| 20144 | Eternal recurrence is the highest attainable affirmation [Nietzsche] |
| 5245 | Society collapses if people cannot rely on exchanging good for good and evil for evil [Aristotle] |
| 5265 | Even more than a social being, man is a pairing and family being [Aristotle] |
| 2803 | Man is by nature a political animal [Aristotle] |
| 2820 | People want to live together, even when they don't want mutual help [Aristotle] |
| 22586 | Only humans have reason [Aristotle] |
| 12281 | Man is intrinsically a civilized animal [Aristotle] |
| 7166 | Man is above all a judging animal [Nietzsche] |
| 5133 | Man is by nature a social being [Aristotle] |
| 22523 | The community (of villages) becomes a city when it is totally self-sufficient [Aristotle] |
| 2805 | A community must share a common view of good and justice [Aristotle] |
| 22526 | People who are anti-social or wholly self-sufficient are no part of a city [Aristotle] |
| 22535 | Friendship is the best good for cities, because it reduces factions [Aristotle] |
| 22584 | A community should all share to some extent in something like land or food [Aristotle] |
| 22532 | A city can't become entirely one, because its very nature is to be a multitude [Aristotle] |
| 18296 | An enduring people needs its own individual values [Nietzsche] |
| 23721 | Old tribes always felt an obligation to the earlier generations, and the founders [Nietzsche] |
| 22581 | The size of a city is decided by the maximum self-sufficient community that can be surveyed [Aristotle] |
| 14822 | If self-defence is moral, then so are most expressions of 'immoral' egoism [Nietzsche] |
| 86 | A bad political constitution (especially a tyranny) makes friendship almost impossible [Aristotle] |
| 5140 | Political science aims at the highest good, which involves creating virtue in citizens [Aristotle] |
| 23915 | The main function of politics is to produce friendship [Aristotle] |
| 22577 | What is the best life for everyone, and is that a communal or an individual problem? [Aristotle] |
| 22578 | The happiest city is the one that acts most nobly [Aristotle] |
| 22579 | The same four cardinal virtues which apply to individuals also apply to a city [Aristotle] |
| 14838 | The state aims to protect individuals from one another [Nietzsche] |
| 20367 | Individual development is more important than the state, but a community is necessary [Nietzsche] |
| 23203 | The great question is approaching, of how to govern the earth as a whole [Nietzsche] |
| 22548 | A city aims at living well [Aristotle] |
| 2431 | Every state is an association formed for some good purpose [Aristotle] |
| 20142 | The state begins with brutal conquest of a disorganised people, not with a 'contract' [Nietzsche] |
| 2832 | The state aims to consist as far as possible of those who are like and equal [Aristotle] |
| 2973 | We must decide the most desirable human life before designing a constitution [Aristotle] |
| 5852 | The four constitutions are democracy (freedom), oligarchy (wealth), aristocracy (custom), tyranny (security) [Aristotle] |
| 21046 | The aim of legislators, and of a good constitution, is to create good citizens [Aristotle] |
| 22580 | The best constitution enables everyone to live the best life [Aristotle] |
| 22546 | A city is a community of free people, and the constitution should aim at the common advantage [Aristotle] |
| 2821 | The six constitutions are monarchy/tyranny, aristocracy/oligarchy, and polity/democracy [Aristotle] |
| 22558 | Constitutions specify distribution of offices, the authorities, and the community's aim [Aristotle] |
| 22566 | The greed of the rich is more destructive than the greed of the people [Aristotle] |
| 2835 | Any constitution can be made to last for a day or two [Aristotle] |
| 18294 | The state coldly claims that it is the people, but that is a lie [Nietzsche] |
| 22544 | A citizen is someone who is allowed to hold official posts in a city [Aristotle] |
| 2818 | The virtues of a good citizen are relative to a particular constitution [Aristotle] |
| 22545 | A person can be an excellent citizen without being an excellent man [Aristotle] |
| 22563 | The middle classes are neither ambitious nor anarchic, which is good [Aristotle] |
| 24153 | Humans are determined by community, so its preservation is their most valued drive [Nietzsche] |
| 20371 | Nietzsche thinks we should join a society, in order to criticise, heal and renew it [Nietzsche, by Richardson] |
| 20108 | Every culture loses its identity and power if it lacks a major myth [Nietzsche] |
| 14852 | Culture cannot do without passions and vices [Nietzsche] |
| 4495 | The high points of culture and civilization do not coincide [Nietzsche] |
| 22541 | Kings should be selected according to character [Aristotle] |
| 20229 | No authority ever willingly accepts criticism [Nietzsche] |
| 2819 | The only virtue special to a ruler is practical wisdom [Aristotle] |
| 22552 | The rich can claim to rule, because of land ownership, and being more trustworthy [Aristotle] |
| 20139 | Only aristocratic societies can elevate the human species [Nietzsche] |
| 20373 | A healthy aristocracy has no qualms about using multitudes of men as instruments [Nietzsche] |
| 23200 | The controlling morality of aristocracy is the desire to resemble their ancestors [Nietzsche] |
| 22583 | The guardians should not be harsh to strangers, as no one should behave like that [Aristotle] |
| 22542 | People who buy public office will probably expect to profit from it [Aristotle] |
| 20254 | People govern for the pleasure of it, or just to avoid being governed [Nietzsche] |
| 5241 | We hold that every piece of legislation is just [Aristotle] |
| 22543 | In large communities it is better if more people participate in the offices [Aristotle] |
| 22539 | Election of officials by the elected is dangerous, because factions can control it [Aristotle] |
| 22572 | Officers should like the constitution, be capable, and have appropriate virtues and justice [Aristotle] |
| 7204 | The upholding of the military state is needed to maintain the strong human type [Nietzsche] |
| 20273 | The French Revolution gave trusting Europe the false delusion of instant recovery [Nietzsche] |
| 2826 | Like water, large numbers of people are harder to corrupt than a few [Aristotle] |
| 87 | Democracy is the best constitution for friendship, because it encourages equality [Aristotle] |
| 2823 | The many may add up to something good, even if they are inferior as individuals [Aristotle] |
| 22567 | Democracy arises when people who are given equal freedom assume unconditional equality [Aristotle] |
| 22562 | Choosing officials by lot is democratic [Aristotle] |
| 22560 | Popular leaders only arise in democracies that are not in accord with the law [Aristotle] |
| 14846 | If we want the good life for the greatest number, we must let them decide on the good life [Nietzsche] |
| 22533 | If the people are equal in nature, then they should all share in ruling [Aristotle] |
| 2817 | It is wrong that a worthy officer of state should seek the office [Aristotle] |
| 22576 | No office is permanent in a democracy [Aristotle] |
| 22549 | In many cases, the claim that the majority is superior would apply equally to wild beasts [Aristotle] |
| 18331 | Democracy is organisational power in decline [Nietzsche] |
| 22394 | Democracy diminishes mankind, making them mediocre and lowering their value [Nietzsche] |
| 22575 | Ultimate democracy is tyranny [Aristotle] |
| 22531 | We aim to understand the best possible community for free people [Aristotle] |
| 18332 | The creation of institutions needs a determination which is necessarily anti-liberal [Nietzsche] |
| 22589 | Citizens do not just own themselves, but are also parts of the city [Aristotle] |
| 5260 | Friendship holds communities together, and lawgivers value it more than justice [Aristotle] |
| 5264 | Friendship is based on a community of sharing [Aristotle] |
| 22585 | Look at all of the citizens before judging a city to be happy [Aristotle] |
| 22564 | Community is based on friends, who are equal and similar, and share things [Aristotle] |
| 22565 | The best communities rely on a large and strong middle class [Aristotle] |
| 22534 | People care less about what is communal, and more about what is their own [Aristotle] |
| 22538 | Owning and sharing property communally increases disagreements [Aristotle] |
| 22536 | There could be private land and public crops, or public land and private crops, or both public [Aristotle] |
| 22530 | Both women and children should be educated, as this contributes to a city's excellence [Aristotle] |
| 23194 | People feel united as a nation by one language, but then want a common ancestry and history [Nietzsche] |
| 21358 | Natural slaves are those naturally belonging to another, or who can manage no more than labouring [Aristotle] |
| 14819 | Slavery cannot be judged by our standards, because the sense of justice was then less developed [Nietzsche] |
| 24134 | There is always slavery, whether we like it or not [Nietzsche] |
| 21047 | Aristotle thought slavery is just if it is both necessary and natural [Aristotle, by Sandel] |
| 18304 | Saints want to live as they desire, or not to live at all [Nietzsche] |
| 20092 | One principle of liberty is to take turns ruling and being ruled [Aristotle] |
| 2833 | Equality is obviously there to help people who do not get priority in the constitution [Aristotle] |
| 2834 | It is always the weak who want justice and equality, not the strong [Aristotle] |
| 24116 | Justice says people are not equal, and should become increasingly unequal [Nietzsche] |
| 2830 | We can claim an equal right to aristocratic virtue, as well as to wealth or freedom [Aristotle] |
| 22569 | The Heraeans replaced election with lot, to thwart campaigning [Aristotle] |
| 22550 | It is dreadful to neither give a share nor receive a share [Aristotle] |
| 22568 | Faction is for inferiors to be equal, and equals to become superior [Aristotle] |
| 4491 | In modern society virtue is 'equal rights', but only because everyone is zero, so it is a sum of zeroes [Nietzsche] |
| 2814 | Phaleas proposed equality of property, provided there is equality of education [Aristotle] |
| 22540 | Wealth could be quickly leveled by only the rich giving marriage dowries [Aristotle] |
| 2828 | Law is intelligence without appetite [Aristotle] |
| 7173 | Rights arise out of contracts, which need a balance of power [Nietzsche] |
| 22537 | Property should be owned privately, but used communally [Aristotle] |
| 23204 | To be someone you need property, and wanting more is healthy [Nietzsche] |
| 2911 | True justice is equality for equals and inequality for unequals [Nietzsche] |
| 2825 | The good is obviously justice, which benefits the whole community, and involves equality in some sense [Aristotle] |
| 22527 | Justice is the order in a political community [Aristotle] |
| 22547 | Justice is equality for equals, and inequality for unequals [Aristotle] |
| 21044 | For Aristotle, debates about justice are debates about the good life [Aristotle, by Sandel] |
| 23916 | The best cure for mutual injustice is friendship [Aristotle] |
| 22573 | The virtue of justice may be relative to a particular constitution [Aristotle] |
| 22556 | Laws that match people's habits are more effective than mere written rules [Aristotle] |
| 14847 | Laws that are well thought out, or laws that are easy to understand? [Nietzsche] |
| 2806 | Man is the worst of all animals when divorced from law and justice [Aristotle] |
| 2816 | If it is easy to change the laws, that makes them weaker [Aristotle] |
| 22551 | Correct law should be in control, with rulers only deciding uncertain issues [Aristotle] |
| 22554 | It is said that we should not stick strictly to written law, as it is too vague [Aristotle] |
| 2827 | It is preferable that law should rule rather than any single citizen [Aristotle] |
| 5246 | Natural justice is the same everywhere, and does not (unlike legal justice) depend on acceptance [Aristotle] |
| 14814 | Execution is worse than murder, because we are using the victim, and really we are the guilty [Nietzsche] |
| 20232 | Get rid of the idea of punishment! It is a noxious weed! [Nietzsche] |
| 24098 | Reasons that justify punishment can also justify the crime [Nietzsche] |
| 1660 | It is noble to avenge oneself on one's enemies, and not come to terms with them [Aristotle] |
| 18300 | Whenever we have seen suffering, we have wanted the revenge of punishment [Nietzsche] |
| 24118 | Do away with punishment. Counter-retribution is as bad as the crime [Nietzsche] |
| 23720 | Punishment makes people harder, more alienated, and hostile [Nietzsche] |
| 14836 | People will enthusiastically pursue an unwanted war, once sacrifices have been made [Nietzsche] |
| 20253 | Modern wars arise from the study of history [Nietzsche] |
| 18320 | To renounce war is to renounce the grand life [Nietzsche] |
| 24100 | If you don't want war, remove your borders; but you set up borders because you want war [Nietzsche] |
| 2840 | The whole state should pay for the worship of the gods [Aristotle] |
| 2811 | A state is plural, and needs education to make it a community [Aristotle] |
| 22588 | A city has a single end, so education must focus on that, and be communal, not private [Aristotle] |
| 2847 | The aim of serious childhood play is the amusement of the complete adult [Aristotle] |
| 11150 | It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain an idea without accepting it [Aristotle] |
| 14845 | Don't crush girls with dull Gymnasium education, the way we have crushed boys! [Nietzsche] |
| 14886 | Education is contrary to human nature [Nietzsche] |
| 14839 | Interest in education gains strength when we lose interest in God [Nietzsche] |
| 14848 | Education in large states is mediocre, like cooking in large kitchens [Nietzsche] |
| 3037 | Aristotle said the educated were superior to the uneducated as the living are to the dead [Aristotle, by Diog. Laertius] |
| 5150 | Intellectual virtue arises from instruction (and takes time), whereas moral virtue result from habit [Aristotle] |
| 2842 | Men learn partly by habit, and partly by listening [Aristotle] |
| 11241 | Wise men aren't instructed; they instruct [Aristotle] |
| 14834 | Teachers only gather knowledge for their pupils, and can't be serious about themselves [Nietzsche] |
| 2908 | There is a need for educators who are themselves educated [Nietzsche] |
| 2889 | One repays a teacher badly if one remains only a pupil [Nietzsche] |
| 14883 | We should evaluate the past morally [Nietzsche] |
| 20261 | History does not concern what really happened, but supposed events, which have all the influence [Nietzsche] |
| 24095 | Our growth is too subtle to perceive, and long events are too slow for us to grasp [Nietzsche] |
| 24128 | After history following God, or a people, or an idea, we now see it in terms of animals [Nietzsche] |
| 2844 | Abortions should be procured before the embryo has acquired life and sensation [Aristotle] |
| 5228 | A suicide embraces death to run away from hardships, rather than because it is a fine deed [Aristotle] |
| 18329 | Sometimes it is an error to have been born - but we can rectify it [Nietzsche] |
| 18302 | Man and woman are deeply strange to one another! [Nietzsche] |
| 14882 | Protest against vivisection - living things should not become objects of scientific investigation [Nietzsche] |
| 5716 | Nature runs the universe by herself without the aid of gods [Lucretius] |
| 5092 | Nature is a principle of change, so we must understand change first [Aristotle] |
| 5113 | Nothing natural is disorderly, because nature is responsible for all order [Aristotle] |
| 632 | Why are some things destructible and others not? [Aristotle] |
| 5085 | 'Nature' refers to two things - form and matter [Aristotle] |
| 1740 | Nature does nothing in vain [Aristotle] |
| 5089 | Nature has purpose, and aims at what is better. Is it coincidence that crops grow when it rains? [Aristotle] |
| 394 | An unworn sandal is in vain, but nothing in nature is in vain [Aristotle] |
| 396 | There has to be some goal, and not just movement to infinity [Aristotle] |
| 2809 | If nature makes everything for a purpose, then plants and animals must have been made for man [Aristotle] |
| 626 | Everything is arranged around a single purpose [Aristotle] |
| 5086 | The nature of a thing is its end and purpose [Aristotle] |
| 5087 | A thing's purpose is ambiguous, and from one point of view we ourselves are ends [Aristotle] |
| 5091 | Teeth and crops are predictable, so they cannot be mere chance, but must have a purpose [Aristotle] |
| 2684 | Aristotle needed to distinguish teleological description from teleological explanation [Irwin on Aristotle] |
| 5227 | The nature of any given thing is determined by its end [Aristotle] |
| 5866 | It is folly not to order one's life around some end [Aristotle] |
| 2800 | The best instruments have one purpose, not many [Aristotle] |
| 4422 | The end need not be the goal, as in the playing of a melody (and yet it must be completed) [Nietzsche] |
| 7176 | 'Purpose' is like the sun, where most heat is wasted, and a tiny part has 'purpose' [Nietzsche] |
| 5878 | Eyes could be used for a natural purpose, or for unnatural seeing, or for a non-seeing activity [Aristotle] |
| 7195 | If the world aimed at an end, it would have reached it by now [Nietzsche] |
| 2905 | 'Purpose' is just a human fiction [Nietzsche] |
| 5108 | Is ceasing-to-be unnatural if it happens by force, and natural otherwise? [Aristotle] |
| 5873 | Each thing's function is its end [Aristotle] |
| 17858 | Pythagoreans say the whole universe is made of numbers [Aristotle] |
| 5095 | The heavens seem to be infinite, because we cannot imagine their end [Aristotle] |
| 8660 | There are potential infinities (never running out), but actual infinity is incoherent [Aristotle, by Friend] |
| 5704 | There can be no centre in infinity [Lucretius] |
| 5093 | Continuity depends on infinity, because the continuous is infinitely divisible [Aristotle] |
| 5703 | The universe must be limitless, since there could be nothing outside to limit it [Lucretius] |
| 601 | Substance must exist, because something must endure during change between opposites [Aristotle] |
| 16762 | Matter desires form, as female desires male, and ugliness desires beauty [Aristotle] |
| 13216 | Matter is the limit of points and lines, and must always have quality and form [Aristotle] |
| 17994 | The primary matter is the substratum for the contraries like hot and cold [Aristotle] |
| 12058 | Aristotle's matter can become any other kind of matter [Aristotle, by Wiggins] |
| 10955 | Matter is perceptible (like bronze) or intelligible (like mathematical objects) [Aristotle] |
| 16590 | Matter is neither a particular thing nor a member of a determinate category [Aristotle] |
| 12001 | Aristotle says matter is a lesser substance, rather than wholly denying that it is a substance [Aristotle, by Kung] |
| 12299 | Aristotle had a hierarchical conception of matter [Aristotle, by Fine,K] |
| 15771 | Primary matter is what characterises other stuffs, and it has no distinct identity [Aristotle] |
| 12868 | Ultimate matter is discredited, as Aristotle merged substratum of change with bearer of properties [Simons on Aristotle] |
| 15954 | Aristotle may only have believed in prime matter because his elements were immutable [Aristotle, by Alexander,P] |
| 16099 | The traditional view of Aristotle is God (actual form) at top and prime matter (potential matter) at bottom [Aristotle, by Gill,ML] |
| 13224 | There couldn't be just one element, which was both water and air at the same time [Aristotle] |
| 616 | It doesn't explain the world to say it was originally all one. How did it acquire diversity? [Aristotle] |
| 17464 | When Aristotle's elements compound they are stable, so why would they ever separate? [Weisberg/Needham/Hendry on Aristotle] |
| 16102 | Aether moves in circles and is imperishable; the four elements perish, and move in straight lines [Aristotle, by Gill,ML] |
| 17463 | An element is what bodies are analysed into, and won't itself divide into something else [Aristotle] |
| 16594 | The Four Elements must change into one another, or else alteration is impossible [Aristotle] |
| 13223 | Fire is hot and dry; Air is hot and moist; Water is cold and moist; Earth is cold and dry [Aristotle] |
| 16098 | I claim that Aristotle's foundation is the four elements, and not wholly potential prime matter [Aristotle, by Gill,ML] |
| 13210 | Wood is potentially divided through and through, so what is there in the wood besides the division? [Aristotle] |
| 13220 | Bodies are endlessly divisible [Aristotle] |
| 13211 | If a body is endlessly divided, is it reduced to nothing - then reassembled from nothing? [Aristotle] |
| 5693 | Everything is created and fed by nature from atoms, and they return to atoms in death [Lucretius] |
| 5701 | If an object is infinitely subdivisible, it will be the same as the whole universe [Lucretius] |
| 5708 | In downward motion, atoms occasionally swerve slightly for no reason [Lucretius] |
| 10952 | Unusual kinds like mule are just a combination of two kinds [Aristotle] |
| 12265 | All water is the same, because of a certain similarity [Aristotle] |
| 12375 | Whatever holds of a kind intrinsically holds of it necessarily [Aristotle] |
| 11252 | The 'form' of a thing explains why the matter constitutes that particular thing [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 11253 | A 'material' cause/explanation is the form of whatever is the source [Aristotle, by Politis] |
| 5219 | Types of cause are nature, necessity and chance, and mind and human agency [Aristotle] |
| 13107 | Causes produce a few things in their own right, and innumerable things coincidentally [Aristotle] |
| 8332 | The four causes are the material, the form, the source, and the end [Aristotle] |
| 14865 | We do not know the nature of one single causality [Nietzsche] |
| 561 | Is there cause outside matter, and can it be separated, and is it one or many? [Aristotle] |
| 5861 | People assume events cause what follows them [Aristotle] |
| 24140 | Cause and effect is a hypothesis, based on our supposed willing of actions [Nietzsche] |
| 4542 | Science has taken the meaning out of causation; cause and effect are two equal sides of an equation [Nietzsche] |
| 4553 | We derive the popular belief in cause and effect from our belief that our free will causes things [Nietzsche] |
| 588 | We exercise to be fit, but need fitness to exercise [Aristotle] |
| 634 | Pure Forms and numbers can't cause anything, and especially not movement [Aristotle] |
| 14543 | When a power and its object meet in the right conditions, an action necessarily follows [Aristotle] |
| 14825 | In religious thought nature is a complex of arbitrary acts by conscious beings [Nietzsche] |
| 14871 | Laws of nature are merely complex networks of relations [Nietzsche] |
| 17004 | Nothing can break the binding laws of eternity [Lucretius] |
| 11043 | It is not possible for fire to be cold or snow black [Aristotle] |
| 7206 | Things are strong or weak, and do not behave regularly or according to rules or compulsions [Nietzsche] |
| 7140 | Chemical 'laws' are merely the establishment of power relations between weaker and stronger [Nietzsche] |
| 7142 | All motions and 'laws' are symptoms of inner events, traceable to the will to power [Nietzsche] |
| 9787 | Scientists must know the essential attributes of the things they study [Aristotle] |
| 14826 | Modern man wants laws of nature in order to submit to them [Nietzsche] |
| 23195 | Laws of nature are actually formulas of power relations [Nietzsche] |
| 20063 | Motion fulfils potentiality [Aristotle] |
| 1739 | If all movement is either pushing or pulling, there must be a still point in between where it all starts [Aristotle] |
| 5114 | If movement can arise within an animal, why can't it also arise in the universe? [Aristotle] |
| 5116 | When there is unnatural movement (e.g. fire going downwards) the cause is obvious [Aristotle] |
| 399 | If the more you raise some earth the faster it moves, why does the whole earth not move? [Aristotle] |
| 24044 | Movement can be intrinsic (like a ship) or relative (like its sailors) [Aristotle] |
| 24045 | Movement is spatial, alteration, withering or growth [Aristotle] |
| 1738 | Practical reason is based on desire, so desire must be the ultimate producer of movement [Aristotle] |
| 5696 | If there were no space there could be no movement, or even creation [Lucretius] |
| 5706 | Atoms move themselves [Lucretius] |
| 24064 | If something is pushed, it pushes back [Aristotle] |
| 5700 | It is quicker to break things up than to assemble them [Lucretius] |
| 1696 | Change goes from possession to loss (as in baldness), but not the other way round [Aristotle] |
| 20918 | Void is a kind of place, so it can't explain place [Aristotle] |
| 24096 | Unlike time, space is subjective. Empty space was assumed, but it doesn't exist [Nietzsche] |
| 5099 | The universe as a whole is not anywhere [Aristotle] |
| 5097 | If everything has a place, this causes an infinite regress, because each place must have place [Aristotle] |
| 5098 | Place is not shape, or matter, or extension between limits; it is the limits of a body [Aristotle] |
| 24141 | Having a sense of time presupposes absolute time [Nietzsche] |
| 13228 | There is no time without movement [Aristotle] |
| 20920 | If there were many cosmoses, each would have its own time, giving many times [Aristotle] |
| 5106 | Would there be time if there were no mind? [Aristotle] |
| 22967 | It is unclear whether time depends on the existence of soul [Aristotle] |
| 8590 | Time does not exist without change [Aristotle] |
| 22965 | Time measures rest, as well as change [Aristotle] |
| 22885 | For Aristotle time is not a process but a means for measuring processes [Aristotle, by Bardon] |
| 22959 | Time is not change, but the number we associate with change [Aristotle] |
| 22964 | Change only exists in time through its being temporally measure [Aristotle] |
| 5104 | Time is an aspect of change [Aristotle] |
| 1702 | Things may be necessary once they occur, but not be unconditionally necessary [Aristotle] |
| 22956 | How can time exist, when it is composed of what has ceased to be and is yet to be? [Aristotle] |
| 5102 | If all of time has either ceased to exist, or has not yet happened, maybe time does not exist [Aristotle] |
| 5698 | We can only sense time by means of movement, or its absence [Lucretius] |
| 5103 | Time is not change, but requires change in our minds to be noticed [Aristotle] |
| 22961 | The present moment is obviously a necessary feature of time [Aristotle] |
| 22916 | Unlike time, change goes at different rates, and is usually localised [Aristotle, by Le Poidevin] |
| 617 | It is hard to see how either time or movement could come into existence or be destroyed [Aristotle] |
| 16693 | Time has parts, but the now is not one of them, and time is not composed of nows [Aristotle] |
| 22958 | Nows can't be linked together, any more than points on a line [Aristotle] |
| 22968 | Circular motion is the most obvious measure of time, and especially the celestial sphere [Aristotle] |
| 22963 | We measure change by time, and time by change, as they are interdefined [Aristotle] |
| 22966 | The present moment is a link (of past to future), and also a limit (of past and of future) [Aristotle] |
| 22957 | We can't tell whether the changing present moment is one thing, or a succession of things [Aristotle] |
| 402 | The Earth must be spherical, because it casts a convex shadow on the moon [Aristotle] |
| 403 | The earth must be round and of limited size, because moving north or south makes different stars visible [Aristotle] |
| 5715 | This earth is very unlikely to be the only one created [Lucretius] |
| 5083 | Do things come to be from what is, or from what is not? Both seem problematical. [Aristotle] |
| 16595 | If each thing can cease to be, why hasn't absolutely everything ceased to be long ago? [Aristotle] |
| 5694 | Nothing can be created by divine power out of nothing [Lucretius] |
| 613 | Even if the world is caused by fate, mind and nature are still prior causes [Aristotle] |
| 619 | Something which both moves and is moved is intermediate, so it follows that there must be an unmoved mover [Aristotle] |
| 1498 | Everyone agrees that the world had a beginning, but thinkers disagree over whether it will end [Aristotle] |
| 620 | The first mover is necessary, and because it is necessary it is good [Aristotle] |
| 395 | It seems possible that there exists a limited number of other worlds apart from this one [Aristotle] |
| 23185 | In chemistry every substance pushes, and thus creates new substances [Nietzsche] |
| 24063 | What is born has growth, a prime, and a withering away [Aristotle] |
| 23302 | Plants have far less life than animals, but more life than other corporeal entities [Aristotle] |
| 24122 | Life is forces conjoined by nutrition, to produce resistance, arrangement and value [Nietzsche] |
| 23301 | There is a gradual proceeding from the inanimate to animals, with no clear borderlines [Aristotle] |
| 20241 | Enquirers think finding our origin is salvation, but it turns out to be dull [Nietzsche] |
| 7178 | The utility of an organ does not explain its origin, on the contrary! [Nietzsche] |
| 7179 | Survival might undermine an individual's value, or prevent its evolution [Nietzsche] |
| 4535 | A 'species' is a stable phase of evolution, implying the false notion that evolution has a goal [Nietzsche] |
| 7180 | Darwin overestimates the influence of 'external circumstances' [Nietzsche] |
| 4497 | The concept of 'God' represents a turning away from life, and a critique of life [Nietzsche] |
| 5119 | The source of all movement must be indivisible and have no magnitude [Aristotle] |
| 2836 | God is not blessed and happy because of external goods, but because of his own nature [Aristotle] |
| 622 | There must a source of movement which is eternal, indivisible and without magnitude [Aristotle] |
| 7192 | Remove goodness and wisdom from our concept of God. Being the highest power is enough! [Nietzsche] |
| 18292 | I can only believe in a God who can dance [Nietzsche] |
| 2920 | A God who cures us of a head cold at the right moment is a total absurdity [Nietzsche] |
| 7603 | God is not a creator (involving time and change) and is not concerned with the inferior universe [Aristotle, by Armstrong,K] |
| 4488 | Those who have abandoned God cling that much more firmly to the faith in morality [Nietzsche] |
| 7158 | Morality kills religion, because a Christian-moral God is unbelievable [Nietzsche] |
| 7199 | It is dishonest to invent a being containing our greatest values, thus ignoring why they exist and are valuable [Nietzsche] |
| 7162 | Morality can only be upheld by belief in God and a 'hereafter' [Nietzsche] |
| 4502 | Morality cannot survive when the God who sanctions it is missing [Nietzsche] |
| 16165 | For Aristotle God is defined in an axiom, for which there is no proof [Aristotle, by Frede,M] |
| 13227 | Being is better than not-being [Aristotle] |
| 18312 | The supreme general but empty concepts must be compatible, and hence we get 'God' [Nietzsche] |
| 12278 | 'Being' and 'oneness' are predicated of everything which exists [Aristotle] |
| 1688 | Properties must be proved, but not essence; but existents are not a kind, so existence isn't part of essence [Aristotle] |
| 5699 | If matter wasn't everlasting, everything would have disappeared by now [Lucretius] |
| 13226 | An Order controls all things [Aristotle] |
| 610 | The world can't be arranged at all if there is nothing eternal and separate [Aristotle] |
| 5707 | The universe can't have been created by gods, because it is too imperfect [Lucretius] |
| 5710 | Gods are tranquil and aloof, and have no need of or interest in us [Lucretius] |
| 2802 | Men imagine gods to be of human shape, with a human lifestyle [Aristotle] |
| 2887 | I am not an atheist because of reasoning or evidence, but because of instinct [Nietzsche] |
| 2931 | God is dead, and we have killed him [Nietzsche] |
| 18298 | Not being a god is insupportable, so there are no gods! [Nietzsche] |
| 5731 | Why does Jupiter never hurl lightning from a blue sky? [Lucretius] |
| 2906 | By denying God we deny human accountability, and thus we redeem the world [Nietzsche] |
| 22729 | The concepts of gods arose from observing the soul, and the cosmos [Aristotle, by Sext.Empiricus] |
| 12097 | There are as many eternal unmovable substances as there are movements of the stars [Aristotle] |
| 14827 | The Greeks saw the gods not as their masters, but as idealised versions of themselves [Nietzsche] |
| 14864 | The Greeks lack a normative theology: each person has their own poetic view of things [Nietzsche] |
| 7208 | Paganism is a form of thanking and affirming life? [Nietzsche] |
| 2901 | How could the Church intelligently fight against passion if it preferred poorness of spirit to intelligence? [Nietzsche] |
| 2917 | Christianity is a revolt of things crawling on the ground against elevated things [Nietzsche] |
| 14813 | Science rejecting the teaching of Christianity in favour of Epicurus shows the superiority of the latter [Nietzsche] |
| 14832 | The Sermon on the Mount is vanity - praying to one part of oneself, and demonising the rest [Nietzsche] |
| 14850 | Christ was the noblest human being [Nietzsche] |
| 14837 | Christ seems warm hearted, and suppressed intellect in favour of the intellectually weak [Nietzsche] |
| 20245 | Christianity hoped for a short cut to perfection, that skipped the hard labour of morality [Nietzsche] |
| 20247 | Christianity was successful because of its heathen rituals [Nietzsche] |
| 7160 | Christian belief is kept alive because it is soothing - the proof based on pleasure [Nietzsche] |
| 4499 | Primitive Christianity is abolition of the state; it is opposed to defence, justice, patriotism and class [Nietzsche] |
| 2867 | Christianity is Platonism for the people [Nietzsche] |
| 18325 | Christians believe that only God can know what is good for man [Nietzsche] |
| 2918 | The story in Genesis is the story of God's fear of science [Nietzsche] |
| 14828 | Religion is tempting if your life is boring, but you can't therefore impose it on the busy people [Nietzsche] |
| 4410 | The truly great haters in world history have always been priests [Nietzsche] |
| 20269 | 'I believe because it is absurd' - but how about 'I believe because I am absurd' [Nietzsche] |
| 2919 | 'Faith' means not wanting to know what is true [Nietzsche] |
| 5720 | Spirit is mortal [Lucretius] |
| 24037 | We all assume immortality is impossible [Aristotle] |
| 5722 | For a separated spirit to remain sentient it would need sense organs attached to it [Lucretius] |
| 5725 | An immortal mind couldn't work harmoniously with a mortal body [Lucretius] |
| 2916 | The great lie of immortality destroys rationality and natural instinct [Nietzsche] |
| 5721 | The mind is very small smooth particles, which evaporate at death [Lucretius] |
| 5723 | If spirit is immortal and enters us at birth, why don't we remember a previous existence? [Lucretius] |
| 20264 | The easy and graceful aspects of a person are called 'soul', and inner awkwardness is called 'soulless' [Nietzsche] |
| 18288 | Heaven was invented by the sick and the dying [Nietzsche] |
| 18306 | We don't want heaven; now that we are men, we want the kingdom of earth [Nietzsche] |
| 7203 | In heaven all the interesting men are missing [Nietzsche] |
| 18318 | People who disparage actual life avenge themselves by imagining a better one [Nietzsche] |
| 7200 | A combination of great power and goodness would mean the disastrous abolition of evil [Nietzsche] |