Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for Michael Frede, Julio Cesare Vanini and John Gray

expand these ideas     |    start again     |     specify just one area for these philosophers

23 ideas

1. Philosophy / C. History of Philosophy / 2. Ancient Philosophy / e. Late classical philosophy
23326 In the third century Stoicism died out, replaced by Platonism, with Aristotelian ethics [Frede,M]
23335 In late antiquity nearly all philosophers were monotheists [Frede,M]
1. Philosophy / C. History of Philosophy / 3. Earlier European Philosophy / b. Early medieval philosophy
16137 Earlier views of Aristotle were dominated by 'Categories' [Frede,M]
1. Philosophy / D. Nature of Philosophy / 7. Despair over Philosophy
9271 Human knowledge may not produce well-being; the examined life may not be worth living [Gray]
2. Reason / A. Nature of Reason / 1. On Reason
23249 The early philosophers thought that reason has its own needs and desires [Frede,M]
9. Objects / E. Objects over Time / 9. Ship of Theseus
16157 Insurance on the original ship would hardly be paid out if the plank version was wrecked! [Frede,M]
13. Knowledge Criteria / C. External Justification / 9. Naturalised Epistemology
9275 Knowledge does not need minds or nervous systems; it is found in all living things [Gray]
16. Persons / F. Free Will / 2. Sources of Free Will
23334 For Christians man has free will by creation in God's image (as in Genesis) [Frede,M]
23333 The idea of free will achieved universal acceptance because of Christianity [Frede,M]
23337 The Stoics needed free will, to allow human choices in a divinely providential cosmos [Frede,M]
16. Persons / F. Free Will / 5. Against Free Will
9276 The will hardly ever does anything; most of our life just happens to us [Gray]
20. Action / B. Preliminaries of Action / 2. Willed Action / a. Will to Act
23336 There is no will for Plato or Aristotle, because actions come directly from perception of what is good [Frede,M]
25. Social Practice / A. Freedoms / 5. Freedom of lifestyle
9278 Nowadays we identify the free life with the good life [Gray]
26. Natural Theory / A. Speculations on Nature / 6. Early Matter Theories / b. Prime matter
16591 Prime matter is nothing but its parts [Vanini]
27. Natural Reality / G. Biology / 4. Ecology
9280 Over forty percent of the Earth's living tissue is human [Gray]
28. God / C. Attitudes to God / 5. Atheism
23061 Free atheism should start by questioning its faith in humanity [Gray]
29. Religion / A. Polytheistic Religion / 4. Dualist Religion
23057 Gnosticism has a supreme creator God, giving way to a possibly hostile Demiurge [Gray]
23313 The Gnostic demiurge (creator) is deluded, and doesn't care about us [Frede,M]
29. Religion / B. Monotheistic Religion / 2. Judaism
23056 Judaism only became monotheistic around 550 BCE [Gray]
29. Religion / B. Monotheistic Religion / 4. Christianity / a. Christianity
23055 Christians introduced the idea that a religion needs a creed [Gray]
9272 Without Christianity we lose the idea that human history has a meaning [Gray]
9279 What was our original sin, and how could Christ's suffering redeem it? [Gray]
29. Religion / C. Spiritual Disciplines / 3. Buddhism
23058 Buddhism has no divinity or souls, and the aim is to lose the illusion of a self [Gray]