18 ideas
| 7460 | The great moments are the death of Aristotle, Machiavelli, and Romanticism [Berlin, by Watson] |
| 7662 | Romanticism is the greatest change in the consciousness of the West [Berlin] |
| 8329 | Either causal relations are given in experience, or they are unobserved and theoretical [Sosa/Tooley] |
| 7665 | Most Enlightenment thinkers believed that virtue consists ultimately in knowledge [Berlin] |
| 6012 | We must choose in which of the virtues we wish to excel [Panaetius] |
| 6013 | Panaetius said we should live according to our natural starting-points [Panaetius, by Asmis] |
| 7676 | If we are essentially free wills, authenticity and sincerity are the highest virtues [Berlin] |
| 6014 | Panaetius identified courage with great-mindedness, preferring civic courage to military [Panaetius, by Asmis] |
| 7664 | The Greeks have no notion of obligation or duty [Berlin] |
| 7677 | Central to existentialism is the romantic idea that there is nothing to lean on [Berlin] |
| 20544 | Berlin distinguishes 'negative' and 'positive' liberty, and rejects the latter [Berlin, by Swift] |
| 8324 | The problem is to explain how causal laws and relations connect, and how they link to the world [Sosa/Tooley] |
| 8328 | Causation isn't energy transfer, because an electron is caused by previous temporal parts [Sosa/Tooley] |
| 8327 | If direction of causation is just direction of energy transfer, that seems to involve causation [Sosa/Tooley] |
| 8330 | Are causes sufficient for the event, or necessary, or both? [Sosa/Tooley] |
| 8325 | The dominant view is that causal laws are prior; a minority say causes can be explained singly [Sosa/Tooley] |
| 7663 | Judaism and Christianity views are based on paternal, family and tribal relations [Berlin] |
| 5888 | Souls are born, since they are sensitive and inherited, so they must perish [Panaetius, by Cicero] |