20 ideas
| 21855 | Only in the 1780s did it become acceptable to read Spinoza [Lord] |
| 9271 | Human knowledge may not produce well-being; the examined life may not be worth living [Gray] |
| 6222 | If a decision is in accord with right reason, everyone can agree with it [Cumberland] |
| 9275 | Knowledge does not need minds or nervous systems; it is found in all living things [Gray] |
| 21866 | Hobbes and Spinoza use 'conatus' to denote all endeavour for advantage in nature [Lord] |
| 9276 | The will hardly ever does anything; most of our life just happens to us [Gray] |
| 6217 | Natural law is supplied to the human mind by reality and human nature [Cumberland] |
| 6221 | If there are different ultimate goods, there will be conflicting good actions, which is impossible [Cumberland] |
| 6218 | The happiness of individuals is linked to the happiness of everyone (which is individuals taken together) [Cumberland] |
| 6220 | The happiness of all contains the happiness of each, and promotes it [Cumberland] |
| 9278 | Nowadays we identify the free life with the good life [Gray] |
| 6216 | Natural law is immutable truth giving moral truths and duties independent of society [Cumberland] |
| 9280 | Over forty percent of the Earth's living tissue is human [Gray] |
| 23061 | Free atheism should start by questioning its faith in humanity [Gray] |
| 23057 | Gnosticism has a supreme creator God, giving way to a possibly hostile Demiurge [Gray] |
| 23056 | Judaism only became monotheistic around 550 BCE [Gray] |
| 9272 | Without Christianity we lose the idea that human history has a meaning [Gray] |
| 9279 | What was our original sin, and how could Christ's suffering redeem it? [Gray] |
| 23055 | Christians introduced the idea that a religion needs a creed [Gray] |
| 23058 | Buddhism has no divinity or souls, and the aim is to lose the illusion of a self [Gray] |