Combining Philosophers

All the ideas for William Shakespeare, Pascal Engel and Norman Malcolm

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22 ideas

1. Philosophy / D. Nature of Philosophy / 7. Despair over Philosophy
8658 For there was never yet philosopher/ That could endure the toothache patiently [Shakespeare]
1. Philosophy / F. Analytic Philosophy / 3. Analysis of Preconditions
4739 In "if and only if" (iff), "if" expresses the sufficient condition, and "only if" the necessary condition [Engel]
2. Reason / A. Nature of Reason / 1. On Reason
22708 Good reasons must give way to better [Shakespeare]
3. Truth / A. Truth Problems / 5. Truth Bearers
4737 Are truth-bearers propositions, or ideas/beliefs, or sentences/utterances? [Engel]
3. Truth / C. Correspondence Truth / 2. Correspondence to Facts
4750 The redundancy theory gets rid of facts, for 'it is a fact that p' just means 'p' [Engel]
3. Truth / C. Correspondence Truth / 3. Correspondence Truth critique
4744 We can't explain the corresponding structure of the world except by referring to our thoughts [Engel]
3. Truth / D. Coherence Truth / 1. Coherence Truth
4738 The coherence theory says truth is an internal relationship between groups of truth-bearers [Engel]
3. Truth / D. Coherence Truth / 2. Coherence Truth Critique
4745 Any coherent set of beliefs can be made more coherent by adding some false beliefs [Engel]
3. Truth / H. Deflationary Truth / 2. Deflationary Truth
4753 Deflationism seems to block philosophers' main occupation, asking metatheoretical questions [Engel]
4755 Deflationism cannot explain why we hold beliefs for reasons [Engel]
3. Truth / H. Deflationary Truth / 3. Minimalist Truth
4751 Maybe there is no more to be said about 'true' than there is about the function of 'and' in logic [Engel]
5. Theory of Logic / D. Assumptions for Logic / 1. Bivalence
4752 Deflationism must reduce bivalence ('p is true or false') to excluded middle ('p or not-p') [Engel]
11. Knowledge Aims / A. Knowledge / 4. Belief / a. Beliefs
4762 The Humean theory of motivation is that beliefs may be motivators as well as desires [Engel]
11. Knowledge Aims / A. Knowledge / 4. Belief / c. Aim of beliefs
4754 Our beliefs are meant to fit the world (i.e. be true), where we want the world to fit our desires [Engel]
11. Knowledge Aims / A. Knowledge / 4. Belief / d. Cause of beliefs
4763 'Evidentialists' say, and 'voluntarists' deny, that we only believe on the basis of evidence [Engel]
12. Knowledge Sources / D. Empiricism / 3. Pragmatism
4746 Pragmatism is better understood as a theory of belief than as a theory of truth [Engel]
13. Knowledge Criteria / C. External Justification / 5. Controlling Beliefs
4764 We cannot directly control our beliefs, but we can control the causes of our involuntary beliefs [Engel]
15. Nature of Minds / A. Nature of Mind / 4. Other Minds / d. Other minds by analogy
14644 If my conception of pain derives from me, it is a contradiction to speak of another's pain [Malcolm]
17. Mind and Body / C. Functionalism / 1. Functionalism
4759 Mental states as functions are second-order properties, realised by first-order physical properties [Engel]
20. Action / B. Preliminaries of Action / 2. Willed Action / b. Volitionism
20304 The cause of my action is in my will [Shakespeare]
25. Social Practice / E. Policies / 1. War / b. Justice in war
23565 Our obedience to the king erases any crimes we commit for him [Shakespeare]
28. God / B. Proving God / 2. Proofs of Reason / a. Ontological Proof
1422 God's existence is either necessary or impossible, and no one has shown that the concept of God is contradictory [Malcolm]