Combining Philosophers

Ideas for Isaiah, Pindar and Aristotle

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54 ideas

14. Science / A. Basis of Science / 2. Demonstration
12147 The principles of demonstrations are definitions [Aristotle]
12383 There must be definitions before demonstration is possible [Aristotle]
12309 There cannot be a science of accidentals, but only of general truths [Aristotle]
11386 Demonstrations about particulars must be about everything of that type [Aristotle]
24048 Demonstrations move from starting-points to deduced conclusions [Aristotle]
16647 Demonstration starts from a definition of essence, so we can derive (or conjecture about) the properties [Aristotle]
24068 Demonstration is more than entailment, as the explanatory order must match the causal order [Aristotle, by Koslicki]
17310 Aristotle gets asymmetric consequence from demonstration, which reflects real causal priority [Aristotle, by Koslicki]
21359 Aristotle doesn't actually apply his theory of demonstration to his practical science [Leroi on Aristotle]
12365 We can know by demonstration, which is a scientific deduction leading to understanding [Aristotle]
1667 Premises must be true, primitive and immediate, and prior to and explanatory of conclusions [Aristotle]
10918 Demonstrative understanding rests on necessary features of the thing in itself [Aristotle]
12374 Demonstrations must be necessary, and that depends on the middle term [Aristotle]
12148 Demonstrations are syllogisms which give explanations [Aristotle]
1691 Aim to get definitions of the primitive components, thus establishing the kind, and work towards the attributes [Aristotle]
12371 A demonstration is a deduction which proceeds from necessities [Aristotle]
1674 All demonstration is concerned with existence, axioms and properties [Aristotle]
1679 Universal demonstrations are about thought; particular demonstrations lead to perceptions [Aristotle]
1680 Demonstration is better with fewer presuppositions, and it is quicker if these are familiar [Aristotle]
14. Science / A. Basis of Science / 6. Falsification
5862 A single counterexample is enough to prove that a truth is not necessary [Aristotle]
14. Science / B. Scientific Theories / 1. Scientific Theory
16971 Plato says sciences are unified around Forms; Aristotle says they're unified around substance [Aristotle, by Moravcsik]
14. Science / C. Induction / 1. Induction
5854 Nobody fears a disease which nobody has yet caught [Aristotle]
12271 Induction is the progress from particulars to universals [Aristotle]
14. Science / C. Induction / 2. Aims of Induction
1683 We learn universals from many particulars [Aristotle]
14. Science / C. Induction / 3. Limits of Induction
12293 We say 'so in cases of this kind', but how do you decide what is 'of this kind'? [Aristotle]
14. Science / D. Explanation / 1. Explanation / a. Explanation
12380 Universals are valuable because they make the explanations plain [Aristotle]
11243 Aristotelian explanations are facts, while modern explanations depend on human conceptions [Aristotle, by Politis]
12385 Are particulars explained more by universals, or by other particulars? [Aristotle]
11385 Universal principles are not primary beings, but particular principles are not universally knowable [Aristotle]
12367 What is most universal is furthest away, and the particulars are nearest [Aristotle]
14. Science / D. Explanation / 1. Explanation / b. Aims of explanation
5080 We know a thing if we grasp its first causes, principles and basic elements [Aristotle]
1689 Explanation is of the status of a thing, inferences to it, initiation of change, and purpose [Aristotle]
11289 Understanding moves from the less to the more intelligible [Aristotle]
1686 What we seek and understand are facts, reasons, existence, and identity [Aristotle]
14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / a. Types of explanation
16969 Science refers the question Why? to four causes/explanations: matter, form, source, purpose [Aristotle]
11250 Four Explanations: the essence and form; the matter; the source; and the end [Aristotle, by Politis]
12045 Aristotle's four 'causes' are four items which figure in basic explanations of nature [Aristotle, by Annas]
16968 There are as many causes/explanations as there are different types of why-question [Aristotle]
11246 Aristotelian explanations mainly divide things into natural kinds [Aristotle, by Politis]
3320 Aristotle's standard analysis of species and genus involves specifying things in terms of something more general [Aristotle, by Benardete,JA]
14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / e. Lawlike explanations
12357 Explanation and generality are inseparable [Aristotle, by Wedin]
13109 Chance is inexplicable, because we can only explain what happens always or usually [Aristotle]
14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / g. Causal explanations
22522 To grasp something, trace it back to its natural origins [Aristotle]
1669 The foundation or source is stronger than the thing it causes [Aristotle]
14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / k. Explanations by essence
15119 Aristotelian explanation by essence may need to draw on knowledge of other essences [Aristotle, by Koslicki]
22524 The nature of each thing is its mature state [Aristotle]
12000 Aristotle regularly says that essential properties explain other significant properties [Aristotle, by Kung]
16646 To understand a triangle summing to two right angles, we need to know the essence of a line [Aristotle]
16135 Real enquiries seek causes, and causes are essences [Aristotle]
11384 We know something when we fully know what it is, not just its quality, quantity or location [Aristotle]
16105 We know a thing when we grasp its essence [Aristotle]
11296 The explanation is what gives matter its state, which is the form, which is the substance [Aristotle]
11999 Essential properties explain in conjunction with properties shared by the same kind [Aristotle, by Kung]
14. Science / D. Explanation / 3. Best Explanation / a. Best explanation
1678 Universals give better explanations, because they are self-explanatory and primitive [Aristotle]