Combining Philosophers

Ideas for Cardinal/Hayward/Jones, Ashvaghosha and Aristotle

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50 ideas

9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 1. Unifying an Object / a. Intrinsic unification
A unity may just be a particular, a numerically indivisible thing [Aristotle]
Natural objects include animals and their parts, plants, and the simple elements [Aristotle]
Aristotle says that the form is what makes an entity what it is [Aristotle, by Frede,M]
Things are one numerically in matter, formally in their account, generically in predicates, and by analogy in relations [Aristotle]
Primary things just are what-it-is-to-be-that-thing [Aristotle]
How is man a unity of animal and biped, especially if the Forms of animal and of biped exist? [Aristotle]
Things may be naturally unified because they involve an indivisible process [Aristotle]
The formal cause may be what unifies a substance [Aristotle]
9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 1. Unifying an Object / b. Unifying aggregates
Things are one to the extent that they are indivisible [Aristotle]
Indivisibility is the cause of unity, either in movement, or in the account or thought [Aristotle]
Things are unified by contact, mixture and position [Aristotle]
9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 1. Unifying an Object / c. Unity as conceptual
Some things are unified by their account, which rests on a unified thought about the thing [Aristotle]
9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 2. Substance / a. Substance
The Pre-Socratics were studying the principles, elements and causes of substance [Aristotle]
Substances have no opposites, and don't come in degrees (including if the substance is a man) [Aristotle]
Substance is not predicated of anything - but it still has something underlying it, that originates it [Aristotle]
We only infer underlying natures by analogy, observing bronze of a statue, or wood of a bed [Aristotle]
Is primary substance just an ultimate subject, or some aspect of a complex body? [Aristotle, by Gill,ML]
'Ousia' is 'primary being' not 'primary substance' [Aristotle, by Politis]
Primary being is 'that which lies under', or 'particular substance' [Aristotle, by Politis]
Substance is prior in being separate, in definition, and in knowledge [Aristotle, by Witt]
It is wrong to translate 'ousia' as 'substance' [Aristotle, by Politis]
The substance is the cause of a thing's being [Aristotle]
If substance is the basis of reality, then philosophy aims to understand substance [Aristotle]
A single substance can receive contrary properties [Aristotle]
The baffling question of what exists is asking about the nature of substance [Aristotle]
9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 2. Substance / b. Need for substance
We may have to postulate unobservable and unknowable substances [Aristotle]
9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 2. Substance / c. Types of substance
Secondary substances do have subjects, so they are not ultimate in the ontology [Aristotle, by Frede,M]
In earlier Aristotle the substances were particulars, not kinds [Aristotle, by Lawson-Tancred]
Units are positionless substances, and points are substances with position [Aristotle]
Elements and physical objects are substances, but ideas and mathematics are not so clear [Aristotle]
A 'primary' substance is in each subject, with species or genera as 'secondary' substances [Aristotle]
Mature Aristotle sees organisms as the paradigm substances [Aristotle, by Pasnau]
Is a primary substance a foundation of existence, or the last stage of understanding? [Aristotle, by Gill,ML]
9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 2. Substance / d. Substance defined
Earlier Aristotle had objects as primary substances, but later he switched to substantial form [Aristotle, by Lowe]
Things are called 'substances' because they are subjects for everything else [Aristotle]
Substance [ousia] is the subject of predication and cause [aitia?] of something's existence [Aristotle]
Essence (fixed by definition) is also 'ousia', so 'ousia' is both ultimate subject, and a this-thing [Aristotle]
A substance is what-it-is-to-be, or the universal, or the genus, or the subject of saying [Aristotle]
It is matter that turns out to be substance [ousia] [Aristotle]
Matter is not substance, because substance needs separability and thisness [Aristotle]
The substance is the form dwelling in the object [Aristotle]
Substance is unified and universals are diverse, so universals are not substance [Aristotle, by Witt]
A thing's substance is its primary cause of being [Aristotle]
In Aristotle, 'proté ousia' is 'primary being', and 'to hupokeimenon' is 'that which lies under' (or 'substance') [Aristotle, by Politis]
Substance is distinct being because of its unity [Aristotle, by Witt]
None of the universals can be a substance [Aristotle]
9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 3. Unity Problems / c. Statue and clay
Primary matter and form make a unity, one in potentiality, the other in actuality [Aristotle]
The statue is not called 'stone' but 'stoney' [Aristotle]
A nature is related to a substance as shapeless matter is to something which has a shape [Aristotle]
Statues depend on their bronze, but bronze doesn't depend on statues [Aristotle, by Gill,ML]