Full Idea
When we do one action 'by' doing another, either the first action causes the process of the second, or the first action is part of the process of the second
Gist of Idea
If one action leads to another, does it cause it, or is it part of it?
Source
Rowland Stout (Action [2005], 9 'What is by')
Book Reference
Stout,Rowland: 'Action' [Acumen 2005], p.140
A Reaction
Stout says the second view is preferable, because pressing a switch does not cause my action of turning on the light (though it does cause the light to come on).