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Single Idea 10926

[filed under theme 5. Theory of Logic / G. Quantification / 1. Quantification ]

Full Idea

If to a referentially opaque context of a variable we apply a quantifier, with the intention that it govern that variable from outside the referentially opaque context, then what we commonly end up with is unintended sense or nonsense.

Gist of Idea

Quantifying into referentially opaque contexts often produces nonsense

Source

Willard Quine (Reference and Modality [1953], §2)

Book Ref

Quine,Willard: 'From a Logical Point of View' [Harper and Row 1963], p.148


The 9 ideas from 'Reference and Modality'

Whether 9 is necessarily greater than 7 depends on how '9' is described [Quine, by Fine,K]
We can't quantify in modal contexts, because the modality depends on descriptions, not objects [Quine, by Fine,K]
Failure of substitutivity shows that a personal name is not purely referential [Quine]
Quantifying into referentially opaque contexts often produces nonsense [Quine]
To be necessarily greater than 7 is not a trait of 7, but depends on how 7 is referred to [Quine]
Maybe we can quantify modally if the objects are intensional, but it seems unlikely [Quine]
Quantification into modal contexts requires objects to have an essence [Quine]
Necessity only applies to objects if they are distinctively specified [Quine]
We can't say 'necessarily if x is in water then x dissolves' if we can't quantify modally [Quine]