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Single Idea 11060

[filed under theme 4. Formal Logic / A. Syllogistic Logic / 1. Aristotelian Logic ]

Full Idea

Aristotle's logic is based on the triadic syllogism, the distinction between subject and one-place predicates, that universal claims have existential commitment, and bivalence, excluded middle and noncontradiction.

Gist of Idea

Aristotelian syllogisms are three-part, subject-predicate, existentially committed, with laws of thought

Source

report of Aristotle (Prior Analytics [c.328 BCE]) by Robert Hanna - Rationality and Logic 2.2

Book Ref

Hanna,Robert: 'Rationality and Logic' [MIT 2006], p.31


The 15 ideas from 'Prior Analytics'

Aristotle's said some Fs are G or some Fs are not G, forgetting that there might be no Fs [Bostock on Aristotle]
Aristotle was the first to use schematic letters in logic [Aristotle, by Potter]
Aristotelian syllogisms are three-part, subject-predicate, existentially committed, with laws of thought [Aristotle, by Hanna]
Aristotelian sentences are made up by one of four 'formative' connectors [Aristotle, by Engelbretsen]
Aristotelian identified 256 possible syllogisms, saying that 19 are valid [Aristotle, by Devlin]
Aristotle replaced Plato's noun-verb form with unions of pairs of terms by one of four 'copulae' [Aristotle, by Engelbretsen/Sayward]
Aristotle places terms at opposite ends, joined by a quantified copula [Aristotle, by Sommers]
Aristotle's logic is based on the subject/predicate distinction, which leads him to substances and properties [Aristotle, by Benardete,JA]
Aristotelian logic has two quantifiers of the subject ('all' and 'some') [Aristotle, by Devlin]
Linguistic terms form a hierarchy, with higher terms predicable of increasing numbers of things [Aristotle, by Engelbretsen]
Affirming/denying sentences are universal, particular, or indeterminate [Aristotle]
Deduction is when we suppose one thing, and another necessarily follows [Aristotle]
There are three different deductions for actual terms, necessary terms and possible terms [Aristotle]
A deduction is necessary if the major (but not the minor) premise is also necessary [Aristotle]
Aristotle listed nineteen valid syllogisms (though a few of them were wrong) [Aristotle, by Devlin]